Respiratory infection of dogs

What is canine parainfluenza virus

• Most common virus isolated from cases of kennel cough

• Paramyxovirus

• Virus excreted in oronasal secretions

What are the clinical signs of canine parainfluenza virus

Mild cough and serous nasal discharge

What is the pathology of canine parainfluenza virus

Virus multiplies in epithelial and lymphoid cells of respiratory tract

What vaccines are available for canine parainluenza virus

Live attuenuated vaccines

What are canine adenoviruses 1 and 2

• CAV-1 - systemic disease, can cause URTD

• CAV-2 - mild respiratory disease, vaccine available

What does canine herpesvirus cause in puppies

Fading puppy syndrome

What does canine herpesvirus cause in older puppies and adults

It is restricted to external mucous membranes in URT and genital tract

What are the clinical signs of canine herpesvirus

Mild nasal serous discharge

What is equine influenza

• Been in horses for 40 years

• H3N8

• Cough 10-14 days

• Fever and nasal dishcarge

• Occasional death

• Antigenic shift

What is the vaccine for equine influenza

• Vaccine with periodic updates

• Competing horses have to be vaccinated

How does influenza effect dogs

• 10% inapparent infection

• 80% mild kennel cough - nasal discharge and cough

• 5-8% pneumonia and death - high fever, dyspnoea, lung consolidation

What is the incubation period of influenza

2-5 days

What is the shedding period of inluenza

7-10 days

What evidence is there for canine influenza in the UK

Respiratory disease outbreak in foxhounds in Essex (September 2002) showed lung samples positive for H3N8

What do antibody findings suggest about canine influenza in the UK

Some kennel dogs remain antibody positive but low levels suggest the virus is no longer present

What did the AHT serosurvey indicate about prevalence in the UK

Serosurvey of 300 dog samples suggests the virus is not prevalent in the UK

What is Bordetella bronchiseptica

• Gram negative small coccobacillus

• Same family as Bordetella pertussis

• Cause of respiratory disease in a wide range of host species

What is the pathogenesis of Bordetella bronchiseptica

• Incubation period of 6 days

• Attaches to ciliated epithelium

• Replicates and produces virulence factors

What are the clinical signs of Bordetella bronchiseptica

• Coughing

• Nasal discharge

• Bronchopneumonia

How is Bordetella bronchiseptica diagnosed

• History and clinical signs

• Nasal/oropharyngeal swab

• Transtracheal wash

• Bronchoalveolar lavage

• Charcoal amines transport swabs

• Culture on selective agar

How is Bordetella bronchiseptica treated

• Systemic antibacterials if clinically necessary

• Antitussives

• Bronchodilators

• Expectorants

Does Bordetella bronchiseptica transmit between species

It can infect cats that have been incontact

What are the vaccinations for Bordetella bronchispetica

• Avirulent live intranasal vaccine

• Local and systemic protection

• Short duration of immunity

• Careful use where the owner is immunocompromised

Does Bordetella bronchiseptica have zoonotic risk

• Infection of a human from a rabbit

• Infection from vaccination

• Immunocompromised owners

How is respiratory infection controlled in kennels

• Vaccinated dogs

• Isolate affected animals

• Adequate hygiene

• Prevent contact between animals

• Ventilation

What are the pathogenic fungi

• Aspergillus

• Dermatophytes

• Yeasts

What are clinical examples for pathogenic fungi

• Ringworm

• Mycotic abortion

• Nasal aspergillosis in dogs

• Cryptococcus in cats

• Malassezua in dogs

What is Aspergillus spp.

• Over 185 different species

• Filamentous fungi

• Ubiquitous - soil, plant debris, indoor air environment

What is nasal aspergillosis

• Chronic nasal discharge

• Young dogs

• Dolicocephalic breeds

• Aspergillus - penicillin

• Immunocompromised individuals

What are the clinical signs of nasal aspergillosis

• Chronic nasal discharge

• Haemorrhage

• Depigmentation of the nose

• Pain around muzzle

• Pain on eating

What is the differential diagnosis of nasal aspergillosis

• Nasal tumour

• Idiopathic rhinitis

• Foreign body

• Trauma

How is nasal aspergilliosis diagnosed

• Radiography

• Serology

• Fungal culture

• Direct examination

• Exclusion of other diseases

What is the treatment for nasal aspergilliosis

• Systemic antifungals

• Topical antifungals

• Surgery to remove effected turbinates