Unit 4 Afro History

Ellis Island

The primary port of entry for European immigrants into the U.S. located in New York.

Angel Island

The port where mostly Asian immigrants entered the U.S., located in California.

Nativism

The belief that the interests of native-born Americans should be prioritized over those of immigrants.

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Legislation that banned Chinese immigration to the U.S. and made it difficult for families to reunite.

Industrial Revolution

A period of major industrialization that transformed economies and societies, particularly in the North.

Monopolies

When one company controls an entire industry and dictates prices for goods and services.

Unions

Organizations formed by workers to negotiate for better working conditions and wages.

Laissez-Faire

An economic philosophy advocating minimal government intervention in business.

Social Darwinism

The belief that only the fittest individuals or companies will survive in a free market.

The Gospel of Wealth

The philosophy that wealthy individuals should donate their fortunes to benefit society.

White flight

The phenomenon of white residents leaving urban areas for the suburbs, often due to racial dynamics.

Progressive Movement

A political movement aiming for social reforms and reducing political corruption at the turn of the century.

16th Amendment

Amendment that established Congress's authority to impose a graduated income tax.

17th Amendment

Amendment that provided for the direct election of U.S. senators by voters.

18th Amendment

Amendment that banned the production and sale of alcohol in the U.S.

19th Amendment

Amendment that granted women the right to vote.

The Color Line

Strict social and legal segregation between Black and white Americans in the late 1800s.

Minstrel Shows

Racist entertainment that featured white performers in blackface acting out stereotypes.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court case that legalized segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, an organization fighting for African American rights.

W.E.B. Du Bois

Civil rights activist who advocated for social and political equality for African Americans.

Talented Tenth

A term coined by Du Bois referring to the leadership class of educated Black Americans.

Booker T. Washington

Leader who advocated for African American vocational training and economic self-reliance and founded Tuskegee University.

Ida B. Wells

Journalist and activist who campaigned against lynching and for women's suffrage.

Marcus Garvey

Leader of the black nationalist movement, advocating for Pan-Africanism and a return to Africa.