Appendicular Skeleton

What are the three primary functional roles of the appendicular skeleton?

1. Allows completion of daily tasks.

2. Allows adjustments in body posture.

3. Allows for mobility/locomotion of the body.

What are the three borders of the scapula?

Vertebral (medial) border

Axillary (armpit; lateral) border

Superior border

What is the subscapular fossa?

A concave depression located on the anterior surface of the scapula (shoulder blade). It serves as the origin for the subscapularis muscle, which is one of the four rotator cuff muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint

What bony landmark divides the posterior scapula into the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae?

Scapular Spine

Which part of the scapula articulates with the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular (AC) joint - shoulder?

Acromion

What is the name of the anterior, hook-like projection of the scapula that serves as a muscle attachment site?

Coracoid Process

What is the shallow socket of the scapula?

Glenoid Fossa

What are the two joints that connect the clavicle to the skeleton?

Sternoclavicular joint (medial; between sternum).

Acromioclavicular joint (lateral; forms joint with amnion).

What is the name of the long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow?

Humerus

What is the name of the rounded, proximal and medial-pointing end of the humerus that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the shoulder joint?

Head of the humerus

On the humerus, what is the name of the larger, posterior tubercle that is an attachment site for rotator cuff muscles?

Greater Tubercle

On the humerus, what is the name of the smaller, anterior tubercle that is an attachment site for rotator cuff muscles?

Lesser Tubercle

What is the name of the groove between the greater and lesser tubercles?

Intertubercular Sulcus

What is the name of the structure located approximately midway down the shaft of the humerus bone?

Deltoid Tuberosity

What two parts of the humerus are the elbow joint attachment sites for groups of muscles?

Medial epicondyle

Lateral epicondyle

***both able to be view posteriorly

Is the Medial epicondyle or the Lateral epicondyle of the humerus more pronounced?

The medial epicondyle is more pronounced

***only one able to be viewed anteriorly

What is the name for the deep, hollowed area on the posterior surface of the humerus?

Olecranon Fossa

What part of the humerus is responsible for forearm rotation and elbow flexion, found on the lateral side and articulates with the head of the radius?

Capitulum

What part of the humerus is designed to ensure stable elbow movement (hinge-like motion of the elbow joint - flexion and extension) through its articulation with the ulna, found on the medial side? This structure is below the olecranon fossa in the posterior view and projects downward.

Trochlea

What structure connects the radius and ulna along their length?

Interosseous Membrane

Name the parts of the radius and ulna.

• Trochlear notch

• Coronoid process

• Olecranon

• Radial head

• Radial tuberosity

• Radial styloid process

• Ulnar styloid process

• Interosseous membrane

What type of synovial joint is the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint and what movement does it allow?

Ball & socket

Allows free movement in shoulder joint

What is the joint between trochlea and trochlear notch and what movement does it allow?

Hinge

It allows flexion and extension.

What is the joint between capitulum and radial head and what movement does it allow?

Condylar (ellipsoid)

It allows pronation/supination.

Name the bones of the hand.

• Scaphoid

• Lunate

• Triquetrum

• Pisiform

• Trapezium

• Trapezoid

• Capitate

• Hamate

M: Metacarpal

P: Phalanx

What is the joint between radius &

scaphoid and what movement does it allow?

Condylar

Allows flexion/extension & abduction/adduction of hand

What is the joint between trapezium & 1st metacarpal?

Saddle-shaped

Allows for opposition of thumb

What is the anatomical term for the hipbone?

Also note the various parts of the bone.

Os Coxae

What is the main sexual differences in bony pelvic anatomy?

The Ischium Spine is a wider distance in females (100+ degrees) than it is in males (90- degrees).

What is the longest bone in the body?

Also note the various parts of the bone.

Femur

What type of joint is the hip joint?

Ball & socket

Allows movement in multiple planes

What is the hip joint reinforced anteriorly by? In other words, what part of it is important for upright posture?

iliofemoral ligament

Identify the parts of the Tibia & Fibula.

Note that the Fibula is on the lateral side.

What type of joint is the knee joint?

Hinge

Allows flexion/extension of leg

Identify the knee ligaments.

Identify the bones in the foot.

Where is the tibia, talus, calcaneus, navicular?

What is the joint between tibia & talus (ankle joint)?

Hinge

Allows plantarflexion/dorsiflexion of foot

What is joint between talus and navicular?

Condylar

Allows inversion/eversion of foot