3.3 Differentiate between nuclear fusion, fission and radioactive decay. Explain how nuclear reactions are different than chemical reactions.

What is nuclear fusion?

The process where two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.

What is an example of nuclear fusion?

Hydrogen nuclei fusing to form helium in stars.

What is nuclear fission?

The process where a heavy atomic nucleus splits into two lighter nuclei, releasing energy.

What is an example of nuclear fission?

Fission of uranium-235 in nuclear reactors.

What is radioactive decay?

The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation (alpha, beta, gamma).

What is an example of radioactive decay?

Uranium-238 decaying into thorium-234.

How do nuclear reactions differ from chemical reactions in terms of energy?

Nuclear reactions release much more energy than chemical reactions.

How do nuclear reactions differ from chemical reactions in terms of the nucleus?

Nuclear reactions change the atomic nucleus, while chemical reactions involve only the rearrangement of electrons.

What is the difference in the products of nuclear and chemical reactions?

Nuclear reactions produce new elements or isotopes, while chemical reactions produce different molecules or compounds.

How do nuclear reactions and chemical reactions differ in speed?

Nuclear reactions can be slower or involve longer timescales, while chemical reactions occur more rapidly.