Medium - Antibiotics and Infections Learning Flashcards

What is the primary target of antibiotics?

Viruses

Parasites

Bacteria

Fungi

Bacteria

How do antibiotics hinder bacterial growth?

By promoting bacterial reproduction

By enhancing host immune response

By increasing the virulence of bacteria

By disrupting cell walls or protein synthesis

By disrupting cell walls or protein synthesis

Which type of bacteria is characterized by a thicker cell wall that stains purple?

Gram-positive

Gram-negative

Cocci

Bacilli

Gram-positive

What mechanism allows bacteria to develop resistance through DNA transfer?

Natural mutation

Bactericidal action

Virulence factors

Plasmid transfer

Plasmid transfer

Which antibiotic is known for its broad-spectrum bacteriostatic effects and is not recommended for pregnant women or children under 8?

Penicillin

Macrolides

Aminoglycosides

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclines

What is the main function of biofilms in bacterial colonies?

• Enhance virulence

• Facilitate antibiotic absorption

• Promote growth in isolation

• Protect against treatment

• Protect against treatment

Which of the following antibiotics works primarily against gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting DNA gyrase?

• Ciprofloxacin

• Gentamicin

• Amoxicillin

• Isoniazid

• Ciprofloxacin

What term describes the ability of a pathogen to establish an infection successfully?

• Pathogenicity

• Invasiveness

• Virulence

• Resistance

• Invasiveness

What is one of the CDC's strategies to combat antibiotic resistance?

• Encourage extensive antibiotic use

• Promote self-medication

• Limit hygiene practices

• Use culture sensitivity testing

• Use culture sensitivity testing

Which class of antibiotics is primarily bactericidal by disturbing cell wall synthesis?

• Macrolides

• Tetracyclines

• Cephalosporins

• Aminoglycosides

• Cephalosporins

Which of the following infections can be caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

• Bacterial vaginosis

• Cholera

• Candidiasis

• Tuberculosis

• Tuberculosis

What is the role of Isoniazid in tuberculosis treatment?

• Only used in the last phase of treatment

• Only used for drug-resistant TB

• Recommended for all bacterial infections

• First-line medication in combination therapy

• First-line medication in combination therapy

What does the term 'virulence' refer to in the context of pathogens?

• The ability to enter the body

• The speed of infection onset

• The types of bacteria present

• The number of organisms required for infection

• The number of organisms required for infection

Which antibiotic is a combination drug that includes Amoxicillin?

• Bactrim

• Cefazolin

• Neomycin

• Augmentin

• Augmentin

Why is drug-resistant TB a significant concern among HIV/AIDS patients?

• They require longer treatment periods

• They often respond poorly to all antibiotics

• They have higher exposure rates to allergies

• Their immune system is severely compromised

• Their immune system is severely compromised

What are common pathways for pathogens to enter the human body?

• Oral, skin-to-skin contact, and inhalation

• Ingestion only

• Oral, nasal, and broken skin

• Insect bites

• Oral, nasal, and broken skin

Which antibiotics are usually classified as last-resort drugs due to their broad-spectrum effects and resistance to beta-lactamase?

• Cephalosporins

• Carbapenems

• Fluoroquinolones

• Penicillins

• Carbapenems

What is a significant characteristic of gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria?

• They can easily establish infections

• They always cause disease

• They do not require antibiotics

• They have a thinner cell wall

• They have a thinner cell wall

Which type of antibiotics includes Erythromycin as a common example?

• Tetracyclines

• Aminoglycosides

• Sulfonamides

• Macrolides

• Macrolides

What is the impact of completing antibiotic courses as advised?

• It leads to increased side effects

• It enhances the virulence of the bacteria

• It reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics

• It prevents the development of resistance

• It prevents the development of resistance

Which phase of tuberculosis treatment usually takes the longest time to complete?

• Phase 1

• Exposure phase

• Phase 2

• Prophylaxis phase

• Phase 2

What do aminoglycosides like Gentamicin primarily target?

• Anaerobic bacteria

• Mycobacterium species

• Fungal infections

• Gram-negative bacteria

• Gram-negative bacteria

During which phase of TB treatment is Isoniazid and Rifampin taken 2-3 times weekly?

• Phase 1

• Prophylactic phase

• Initial phase

• Phase 2

• Phase 2

Which of the following statements is true about the potential consequences of antibiotic misuse?

• It can lead to antibiotic resistance

• It can prevent infections

• It can enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics

• It has no impact on health

• It can lead to antibiotic resistance

What is the role of virulence in the pathogenicity of a germ?

• It helps the germ replicate quickly

• It weakens the host's immune response

• It allows the germ to enter the bloodstream

• It determines the severity of an infection

• It determines the severity of an infection

In what way do tetracyclines interact with elements in the body?

• They interact with calcium and iron

• They release toxins

• They enhance cell wall synthesis

• They improve immune response

• They interact with calcium and iron

What defines the 'invasiveness' of a pathogen?

• Its ability to overcome host defenses

• Its ability to grow in any environment

• Its ability to spread quickly

• Its ability to replicate inside a host

• Its ability to overcome host defenses

Which of the following best describes the role of fluroquinolones?

• They disrupt protein synthesis

• They inhibit cell wall formation

• They inhibit DNA gyrase

• They prevent folic acid synthesis

• They inhibit DNA gyrase

What is considered a key advantage of using cephalosporins?

• They have improved effectiveness against gram-negative bacteria over generations

• They provide a narrow spectrum of activity

• They can be used indiscriminately

• They are cheap and easy to produce

• They have improved effectiveness against gram-negative bacteria over generations

Why are drugs like Augmentin considered an advancement in antibiotic treatment?

• They are effective against only bacterial infections

• They are not affected by resistance mechanisms

• They are only useful for gram-positive bacteria

• They combine two antibiotics to enhance effectiveness

• They combine two antibiotics to enhance effectiveness