Dermatology

Integumentary system

covers skin, hair, nails

Epidermis

thin, outermost layer of skin

Dermis

thick, inner layer of skin

Hypodermis

(subcutaneous tissue) connective tissue below dermis

dermatitis

infection/inflammation of the skin

pruritus

itching

rash

red/pink flat skin lesion

xeroderma

excessively dry skin

edema

swelling from excessive fluid

blood goes into dermis/hypodermis

syndactyly

webbed fingers or toes

lesion

general term of damage on skin

scale

flat, thin flake

wheal

elevated spot with broad, flat top

fissure

crack in skin

macule

flat, colored spot on the skin

papule

red, solid spot

pustual

pus spot

neoplasm

new growth

actinic keratosis

(neoplasm) raised, rough area on skin after sun exposure

hemangioma

(neoplasm) benign tumor consisting of blood vessels

lipoma

(neoplasm) benign fatty tumor

nevus

(neoplasm) lesion from birth - birthmark/mole

papilloma

(neoplasm) benign protruding growth - wart

solar lentigo

(neoplasm) age spots from exposure to sun

basal cell carcinoma

slow-growing cancer in lowest layer of epidermis

squamous cell carcinoma

slow-growing red bump/ulcer in superficial epidermis layers

malignant melanoma

fast-growing/spreading cancer in melanocytes

Melanocytes

cells that produce melanin in epidermis

erythema

redness of the skin

jaundice

yellowing of the skin

albinism

Absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes (genetic mutation)

cyanosis

bluish discoloration of the skin

vitiligo

autoimmune disease that slowly destroys melanocytes

necrosis

skin death, gray-to-black discoloration

ex. burn, frostbite

gangrene necrosis

tissue death from injury/infection

callus

thickened, elevated pad on the dermis caused by repetitive rubbing

cicatrix

scar

hemorrhage

broken blood vessel

abrasion

slide/scrape that removes epidermis

Excoriation

superficial injury with sharp object

keloid

abnormally large scar that grows larger than og injury - overproduction of collagen

laceration

penetrating wound

decubitus ulcer

pressure sore (bed sore) - epidermal and dermal breakdown from no blood flow from contestant pressure

blister

fluid-filled sac - friction separates epidermis and dermis

superficial burns

1st degree - epidermis damaged

partial-thickness burns

1st and 2nd degree burns - epidermis and part of dermis damaged

full thickness burn

3rd degree burn - epidermis and dermis fully damaged

bulla

large blister - epidermis separates from dermis and fluid fills

eschar

thick scar that forms with 3rd degree burn - must be removed bc it traps fluid

abscess

localized collection of pus

furuncle

abscess around hair follicle

carbuncle

a cluster of connected furuncles

cellulitis

infection/inflammation of skin cells

shingles

infection with chicken pox

verruca

warts caused by HPV

tinea

ringworm - fungal infection of skin

tinea capitis

fungal scalp infection

tinea cruris

fungal infection in groin

tinea corporis

fungal infection of the body

tinea pedis

fungal infection of the foot

pediculosis

lice infestation of the scalp or body

scabies

parasitic mites

contact dermatitis

inflammation of the skin caused by contact with irritants or allergens.

urticaria

local allergic reaction caused by release of histamines - hives

wheal

individual area of urticaria

welt

large wheal of hives

psoriasis

too many epidermal scales are produced - itchy scales

systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

collagen in skin/connective tissue deteriorates causing inflammation and damage to various organs.

acne vulgaris

adolescent skin condition - sebum hardens to block hair follicles

anhidrosis

no sweat glands

diaphoresis

excessive sweating

piloerection

goosebump

alopecia

loss of hair

hirsutism

excessive hair growth in women

rosacea

a chronic skin condition characterized by facial redness

striae

stretch marks - tears in dermis

clubbing and cyanosis

fingernails are rounded and curved due to oxygen deficiency

onychomycosis

fungal infection of nail

culture and sensitivity (C&S)

growth of bacteria taken from lesion in lab

allergy skin testing

exposure to allergens on skin

skin scraping

scraping cells to look under microscope

tzanck test

scrape of fluid to look under microscope

wood lamp/light

UV light to highlight abnormal skin

skin exam

visual inspection of skin

suturing

sewing skin

electrosurgery

electrical current to kill surgery

incision and drainage (I&D)

treatment to drain fluid dry

cryosurgery

liquid nitrogen freezes/destroys lesion

debridement

necrotic tissue removal - clean surface for cleaning

skin turgor assessment

assessment of hydration level

Botox

for deep wrinkles - injections stop muscle contraction

treatment for migraines

collagen treatment

treatment for wrinkles/acne scars

cryolipolysis

(cool sculpting) cold device freezes fat cells

skin resurfacing

removal of epidermis to improve look

topical drugs

drugs for on top of skin

transdermal drugs

patches on skin, go to blood

intradermal drugs

needle inserted under epidermis

for TB and allergy testing

hypodermic drugs

needle inserted into hypodermis, SubQ injection

anesthetic drugs

for temp numbness

antibiotic drugs

drugs for bacterial infections