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Turkish vilayets that made up Iraq
Mosul, Baghdad and Basra
% of Iraq who are Iraqi Arabs
75-80%
% of Iraq who are Kurds
15-20%
% of Iraq who are Shia
61%
% of Iraq who are Sunni
34%
King of Iraq 1921-1933
Faisal I
King of Iraq 1933-39
Ghazi I
King of Iraq 1939-1958
Faisal II
Iraq given independence by Britain
1932
terms of Iraqi independence in 1932
Britain maintain control of oil and air bases
Iraq join Baghdad Pact
1955
success of Iraq in the Baghdad Pact
very unpopular with civilians
Iraq leave in 1958
main difference between Faisal I and Ghazi
Ghazi less authoritative than his father, leading to the military taking control of the government
Nuri al-Said becomes prime minister for the first time
1930
Iraqi free officers coup
1958, abolished monarchy, negotiated more control of oil, withdrew from Baghdad pact
baathist seizure of power in Iraq
1963 with the support of the Army, Ramadan Revolution
Saddam hussein becomes vice president of Iraq
1968
Saddam hussein becomes president of Iraq
1979
changes to government under Hussein
government is totalitarian, dictatorial
high levels of violence and torture used to oppress Iraqi people
first act done by Saddam
mass trial and execution of 21 men televised
ceasefire with Iran
1988
invasion of Kuwait
1990
US invasion of Iraq
2003
Saddam hussein executed
2006
impact of Iraqi involvement with the Baghdad pact
pact put them out of favour with some Arabs, such as Nasser in Egypt
iraq involvement with OPEC
join in 1960
involved in embargo during the Yom Kippur war
number of dollars to the dinar in October 1973
3.3
success of iran-iraq war for Saddam
international recognition- Kuwait and the other oil states supported Saddam, showing Arab unity and was supported by the USA who were anti-Iran
failure of iran-iraq war for Saddam
loss of men and resources
lack of territorial gain
failure of the invasion of Kuwait
very unpopular within the Arab world and wider internationally- most condemned his actions and leads to first gulf war
led to trade sanctions, UN involvement and ruined his reputation as an Arab leader
protests in iraq 1952
about Britain owning the Iraqi Petroleum Company lead to profits being split equally with the British government
rate of literacy iraq 1945
10.9
rate of literacy iraq 1950
12.2
literacy rate iraq 1965
24.2
literacy rate iraq 1980
40.4
political diversity under early baathists
Sunni majority in government but increasing numbers of shiites- wanted to demonstrate unity
oil in iraq is nationalised
1972
social improvements in iraq under early baathists
electricity extended to the countryside
roads, bridges, hospitals, schools and dams built
women's rights improve
example of university established under Iraqi baathists
University of Technology, 1975
number of women pharmacists in iraq by 1978
70%
rights given to women in 1970s
equal rights in marriage and divorce
equal right to children
inheritance can be directly passed to. them
citizenship can be passed through them
it becomes punishable by death to leave the baathist party
1979
attack on Halabja
1988, attack on a Kurdish village with chemical weapons
casualties from attack on Halabja
5000 at the time, 12k as a result
number of Kurds killed in iraq 1988-89
180k
what % of Kurdish settlements had been destroyed by 1990
90%
Iraqi uprisings
1991, ethnic and religious uprisings against Saddam hussein following the first gulf war
number killed in the Iraqi uprisings
between 25k and 180k, mostly civilians
% of population who voted for shiite parties in 2005
60%
Iraqi revolution
1920, revolt against British rule
leader of the Iraqi revolution
al-Khalissi but both sunni and Shia groups involved
operation desert storm
1991, American-led attack on Iraqi forces after Iraq refused to withdraw its troops from Kuwait
US soldiers withdraw from iraq
2011
isis emerge in iraq
2013
al-qaeda enter iraq
2004