aphg unit 3

culture

culture

beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and technologies of a society

cultural traits

the individual elements that make up a culture

artifacts

physical objects and technologies a culture creates

sociofacts

structures/organizations that influence social behaviors 

mentifacts

central elements that reflect the shared values, ideas, and beliefs

popular culture

quickly changing trends around the world

traditional culture

long established behaviors, beliefs, and practices being passed down

cultural norms

shared standards and patterns that guide behaviors

ethnocentrism

people judging other cultures based on their own cultural standards

cultural relativism

judging other cultures based on that cultures standards

cultural landscape

natural landscapes changed by humans to reflect their culture

sequent occupance

we must understand the past to understand the present since the present offers clues to the past

ethnicity

state of belonging to a group who shares common cultural characteristics

ethnic neighborhoods

form of cultural landscapes, communities of people outside their areas of origin

traditional architecture 

established building style of an area

postmodern architecture 

newer architectural style occurring after removal of historical buildings

religion

system of spiritual beliefs

identity

how humans make sense of themselves

gendered spaces

created when society is strict about gender roles

gender identity

how individuals perceive themselves in terms of gender

third places

communal areas with other

sense of place

attaching feelings to a location

placemaking

community members work together to create a space they all love and utilise 

dialects

regional variations of a language

adherence

people loyal to beliefs or a religion

denominations

separate organizations uniting a local congregation

centripetal force

a force that unites a group of people

centrifugal force

a force that divides groups 

diffusion

the process by which cultural traits spread

hearth

origin area of a trait

relocation diffusion

spread of traits through movement or migration

expansion diffusion

a trait spread but still remains in the hearth

contagious diffusion

spread happens adjacently

hierarchial diffusion

spread from higher class to lower class

reverse hierarchical diffusion

spread from lower class to higher class

stimulus diffusion

the trait doesn’t spread, but the principle behind it does

colonialism

powerful country establishes settlements in less powerful country for their gain

imperialism

powerful country uses policies to take over less powerful country

lingua francas

common language

globalization

people are more connected

cultural convergence

interacting cultures sharing traits

cultural divergence

cultures become less similar due to barriers

acculturation

people from one culture adopt a trait from another while still maintaining their own 

assimilation

people from one culture adopt most of the traits from another without maintaining their own

syncretism 

traits from different cultures blend together to create something new

multiculturalism 

multiple cultures coexist within a space

cultural appropriation

big culture adopts trait from small culture

collectivist culture

people conform within family and respect elders

language family

largest language grouping, languages that share an ancestral language

isolated languages

no historic/linguistic relation with other languages

language branch

within families, separated from other branches bc of differences

language groups

share recent ancestors and have similar vocab