APUSH UNIT 5 part 1 (5.1-5.8)

What belief fueled the idea of Manifest Destiny in the United States?

The belief that the U.S. was destined by God to expand its dominion and spread democracy.

What was the significance of the Monroe Doctrine (1823)?

It asserted U.S. influence in the Western Hemisphere, warning European powers against further colonization or intervention.

What treaty ended the Mexican-American War and what did it result in?

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, resulting in Mexico ceding vast territories to the U.S.

What did the Wilmot Proviso propose?

To ban slavery in territories acquired from Mexico.

What did the Oregon Treaty (1846) achieve?

It set the U.S.-British boundary at the 49th parallel and solidified U.S. control of the Oregon Territory.

What event triggered a rapid influx of population to California in 1849?

The California Gold Rush.

What was the Gadsden Purchase (1853) for?

It was land acquired from Mexico for the construction of a transcontinental railroad.

What did the Missouri Compromise (1820) accomplish?

It maintained the balance between free and slave states and prohibited slavery north of the 36°30′ parallel.

What were the key provisions of the Compromise of 1850?

California admitted as a free state, slave trade abolished in Washington D.C., a stricter Fugitive Slave Act, and popular sovereignty for Utah and New Mexico.

What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) do?

It allowed popular sovereignty to determine slavery in Kansas and Nebraska, repealing the Missouri Compromise.

What was 'Bleeding Kansas'?

A period of violent clashes between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers in Kansas.

What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)?

That African Americans were not citizens and Congress could not prohibit slavery in territories.

What was the purpose of John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry (1859)?

To incite a slave rebellion.

What were the Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) about?

Debates highlighting the differing views on slavery, particularly Douglas's 'Freeport Doctrine'.

What was the main platform of the Republican Party formed in 1854?

To prevent the expansion of slavery.

What was the outcome of the election of 1860?

Abraham Lincoln won without a Southern electoral vote, leading to secession of Southern states.

What event marked the start of the Civil War?

The firing on Fort Sumter in 1861.

What was the significance of the Battle of Antietam (1862)?

It was the bloodiest single day of the Civil War and led to the Emancipation Proclamation.

What was Sherman's March to the Sea known for?

For its total war strategy, destroying Southern infrastructure and morale.

What advantages did the Union have in the Civil War?

Larger population, industrial capacity, and an established government.

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

Issued by Lincoln in 1863, it declared slaves in Confederate states free.

What was the purpose of the Conscription Act (1863)?

To draft soldiers into the Union Army.

What did the Morrill Tariff Act (1861) do?

Raised tariffs to protect Northern industry.

What was the impact of the Civil War on the North's economy?

It led to industrial growth spurred by war production.

What confirmed the abolition of slavery in the United States?

The 13th Amendment (1865).

What was Lincoln's 10% Plan for Southern states?

A lenient plan allowing states to rejoin the Union if 10% of voters pledged loyalty and accepted emancipation.

What was the role of the Freedmen's Bureau (1865)?

To provide aid, education, and legal assistance to freed slaves and poor whites.

What did the 14th Amendment (1868) guarantee?

Defined citizenship and guaranteed due process and equal protection under the law.

What did the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 do?

Divided the South into military districts and required new state constitutions guaranteeing black suffrage.