N&L General Knowledge Questions

Which design principle is best described by the concern for size relationships between all of the features of the landscape?
a. Proportion b. Simplicity c. Symmetry d. Unity

a

Calculate the slope ratio of a hill that has a total fall of 60" in 100' of run.
a. 6:1 b. 20:1 c.100:60 d. 1:20

b

Which of the following types of winter injury to the landscape are caused by human error?
a.Dead grass next to a heavily salted front walk b. Deep ruts cut into the lawn in front of a house c. All of these d. Crumbling paving resulting from too much salt

c

Based on the meristematic growing point locations in monocot and dicot plants, which of the following statements is true?
a. Pruning junipers back below the line of vegetative growth would be a good method to regenerate thinning foliage.
b. Trimming ornamental maiden grass foliage to a height at or below 6" above the ground is certain to cause severe damage or death to the plant.
c. All of these
d. Fire and/or frequent mowing is an effective measure of controlling woody stemmed invaders in grasslands.

c

A heat zone is a measure of cold temperatures, whereas a hardiness zone is a measure of warm temperatures?
a. They both measure the same thing, there is no difference. b. True c. False

c

Which of the following would be the best approach to adding supplemental irrigation to planting beds in the landscape, assuming no rain? a. Planting beds need no supplemental irrigation if covered in organic mulch b. One watering/day for a duration of 10 minutes c. One watering/week for a duration of 45 minutes d. Twice a day watering during the summer months

c

Which of the following is not a way in which flowers can be misused or overused in the landscape? a. Areas planted heavily with herbaceous flowers can create large visual voids during off season months b. Flowers used in the wrong place my draw the eye away from crucial focal points during the peak blooming periods c. Flowers attracting birds and butterflies may also attract bees, a problem for children, adults, or pets sensitive to bee stings d. None of these

d

A properly positioned row of coniferous evergreen tree to the northwest of a building could \_____________. a. Provide a barrier reducing the speed of winter winds AND provide upper level privacy during summer months b. provide a barrier reducing the speed of winter winds c. provide summer cooling from the sun d. provide upper level privacy during the summer months

b

Which of the following components would you likely find in a functional aesthetic waterfall feature in a landscape? a. Skimmer b. all of these c. pump d. bio-filter

b

Which of the following drawing types is most concerned with relationships between the proposed use areas of the landscape? a. Final plans b. Site analyses checklist and sketch c. Functional or Bubble diagram d. Preliminary design

c

Trunk caliper of a shade tree in a nursery or landscape is measured a. 6" up from the soil surface b. At the soil surface c. At chest height (4 ½') d. 2' up from the soil surface

a

The act of removing dead, dying, rubbing, or damaged branches from within the canopy of a tree is known as\_________________. a. Crown Raising b. Cleaning c. Thinning d. Topping

b

If the landscape necessitated a grade change of 56", how many steps with 12" treads would be required? a. 10-12 total steps b. 7-9 total steps c. Not enough information provided to calculate d. 5-6 total steps

d

If a sandy soil has a pH level of 6.5, how many pounds of dolomitic limestone per 1000 SF are needed to raise the pH to a level suitable for new lawn establishment? a. 90\# b. 20\# c. 52\# d. 0\#

d

Which of the following views is best described as a measurable drawing that is capable of showing multiple sides of an object? a. Plan View b. Elevation View c. Perspective View d. Axonometric View

d

Which type(s) of bulb are fleshy storage organs which usually bloom only once per season but are typically considered to be perennial by nature? a. Both b. Neither c. Tender bulbs d. Hardy bulbs

a

Which of the following is a way in which landscape designing has been impacted by computer aided design software. a. CAD software enables greater productivity of designers by reducing time requirements of drafting and revising designs. b. Time involved with drafting each design has increased due to time consuming data entry c. Client satisfaction increases as design function and quality is greatly improved. d. Human designers are rapidly being replaced by concept generating CAD software

a

A 12' x 15' concrete patio is to be constructed adjacent to the house. One 15' side will be bordered by the house itself, the other three sides will need a standard brick edging. If each brick is 8" in length, how many bricks will be required to border the patio? a. 59 b. 58 c. 39 d. 468

a

Which is true about lettering regardless of the method you utilize? a. you may not utilize all lowercase letters b. The First Letter Of Each Word Must Be Consistently Uppercase c. case consistency is required throughout the document, regardless of the case selected d. YOU MUST UTILIZE ALL UPPERCASE LETTERS THROUGHOUT THE DESIGN

c

If the designer places a piece of garden sculpture into a line planting so that it can be seen from the client's bedroom window throughout the year, which principle of landscape design is being implemented? a. Unity b. Focalization of interest c. Balance d. Proportion

b

\______________irrigation heads move and propel water in a circular pattern. a. Drip b. Flood c.Spray d. Rotary

d

How many saw cuts should be made when removing a 6" diameter limb from a mature maple tree? a. One cut should be fine b. Two, undercut the branch once, then make the final cut at the branch collar. c. Zero, removing a branch of that size would be harmful to the tree. d. Three, undercut once, then utilize two-more cuts to completely remove the branch to prevent tearing.

d

On a topographic map of a site, existing contours are always shown as a \__________line whereas proposed contours are always shown as a \____________line. a. Blue : Red b. Red : Blue c. Dashed : Solid d. Solid : Dashed

c

What is the purpose of guidelines in hand lettering? a. To monitor line quality b. To match the style of the lettering to the presentation style c. To assure correct placement of labels and wording d. To control the size and style of the letters

d

Dividing and defining landscape areas based upon low, moderate, and high water use plants is known as \________________. a. irrigating b. zeroscaping c. hydro-zoning d. xeriscaping

c

Which of the following plants would best be described as an "herbaceous perennial"? a. Hosta b. Rose of Sharon c. Crape Myrtle d. Winter Creeper Euonymus

a

What is the percent (%) slope associated with terrain recorded at a 3:1 slope ratio of run to rise? a. 67% slope b. 33% slope c. 6.7% slope d. 3.3% slope

b

About how many Wave Petunias would be needed to fill a 20' x 8' planting bed if you are instructed to position the plants 12" O.C. ? a. 200+ b. None of these c. 150-175 d. 25-30

c

The planting hole for a balled and burlapped (BB) tree should be a. The depth of the soil ball and the width of the soil ball b. Twice the depth of the soil ball and the same width of the soil ball c. Twice the depth and width of the soil ball d. Slightly less than the depth of the soil ball and twice the width of the soil ball

d

The exterior portion of a home that is viewed by people driving by in their cars is located in what use area? a. Service area b. Private living area c. Public area d. General use or living area

c

The ability of a turf grass to withstand the compaction of foot traffic indicates its level of \__________. a. Soil tolerance b. None of these c. Use tolerance d. Leaf structure

c

Which type of mulch will reduce water loss and from the soil and improving the overall aesthetics when applied around landscape plantings? a. Inorganic mulch b. Both c. Neither d. Organic mulch

b

Green Ash is a poor choice for a shade tree in Missouri due to its susceptibility to a usually fatal issue caused by\_______________. a. Pine Sawyer Beetles b. Nematodes c. Elm Borers d. Emerald Ash Borers

d

Which of the following drawing medium is applied wet, drying to the touch in a few seconds? a. graphite pencil b. color marker c. colored pencil d. pastels

b

The outdoor room where you would locate garden tools and compost bins would be the \__________area. a. family living b. private living c. public d. service

d

If a driveway is 50' long in reality, how long will it's symbol be on a drawing with a scale of 1"\=20'-0"? a. 5" b. 7.25" c. 25" d. 2.5"

d

If the designer frames the view of the house with large masses of trees on both sides of the property, which principle of landscape design is being implemented? a. Unity b. Balance c. Rhythm of Line d. Focalization of interest

b

Which of the following would be considered a natural site characteristic noted during a site inventory? a. Nearness of public transportation b. Terrain features c. Swimming pool d. Style of structural architecture

b

A \______________plant, although possibly going dormant at the end of a season, will return to the garden each year. \_______________ plants, on the other hand complete their entire life cycle in a single growing season and would need to be replanted into the garden each year. a. Biennial : Perennial b. Perennial : Biennial c. Perennial : Annual d. Biennial : Annual

c

Which of the following could be used to improve the structure and permeability of a poorly drained clay soil? a. Covering the area with composted manure and incorporating it into the existing soil b. All of these c. Removing the clay soil to a depth of 18" and replacing with an organic topsoil d. Incorporating 20 cubic feet of sand/1000 square feet of planting area

d

The term "monoeceous" means a. Male and female flowers are present on the same branch b. Male and female flowers are found on the same individual plant c. Male and female flowers are found on different individual plants d. Male and female flowers parts are found in the same flower

b

\________________ is the state tree of Missouri and \________________ is the state flower. a. Hawthorn : Dogwood b. Dogwood : Liatris c. Hawthorn : Lobelia d. Dogwood : Hawthorn

d

To create the silhouette effect in landscape lighting, place the light fixture \____________ the plant. a. behind b. directly in c. in front of d. above

c

\____________ plants have evolved naturally within a certain geographic location whereas \__________plants entered the country as exotics, but have adapted well enough to escape cultivation into the natural surroundings? a. Native: Exotic b. Naturalized : Exotic c. Native : Naturalized d. Exotic : Naturalized

c

Seeding of \__________ season grasses is best done late fall through very early spring, whereas I should seed \__________season grasses in the spring just before the summer months? a. Perennial : Annual b. Annual : Perennial c. Warm : Cool d. Cool : Warm

d

\______________________ advertising has come on in recent years as a more effective form of hi-lighting the services and skills of a company. a. Internet based Web-page b. Radio and television c. Newspaper, magazine, and print d. Word-of-mouth

a

If a red-leafed Japanese Maple is positioned within a bed of mixed hosta and ferns, the Maple would best be categorized as this type of plant. a. Massing Plant b. Specimen Plant c. Accent Plant d. Naturalized Plant

b

A newly planted lawn should not be mowed until the turf reaches a height of \____________. At that point it should be mowed to a height of \_____________________. a. 4" : 3" b. 3" - 4" : 1.5" - 2" c. 2.5" - 3" : 1.25" - 1.5" d. 2" : 1"

c

If an irrigation pipe is feeding 4 sprinkler heads, each emitting 3 GPM (Gallons Per Minute), what is the total irrigation flow requirement for that pipe? a.Total flow depends upon how long the system runs b. 48 GPM c. Total flow depends upon the available water pressure d. 12 GPM

d

Which of the following is considered a warm season turfgrass? a. Perennial Ryegrass b. Kentucky Bluegrass c. Tall Fescue d. Zoysiagrass

d

The herbicide 2,4-D could be used to control a. crabgrass and dandelion b. foxtail and plantain c. plantain and dandelion d. tall fescue and henbit

c

Which of the following is an example of a warm season broadleaf annual weed? a. lambsquarter b. henbit c. chickweed d. crabgrass

a

Which of the following is a fungal leaf spot disease commonly found on nonresistant crabapples? a. anthracnose b. black spot c. fire blight d. apple scab

d

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding the pruning of hybrid tea roses? a. hybrid tea rose plants usually require very little pruning b. major pruning is best done in mid-summer c. cutting back to 8 inches from the ground in spring enhances flower display in summer d. each pruning cut should be made a half inch above a strong bud that faces toward the center of the plant

c

A plant originally priced at $40.00 is on sale at 20% off. If sales tax is 5%, what should a customer pay for the plant? a. $30.00 b. $32.00 c. $33.60 d. $42.00

c

What are the external characteristics of a monocot plant? a. parallel venation, two cotyledons, and flower petals in threes or sets of three b. parallel venation, one cotyledon, and flower petals in sets of four or five c. parallel venation, one cotyledon, and flower petals in threes or sets of three d. netted venation, two cotyledon, and flower petals in sets of three

c

A silt loam soil would have a. 10% clay, 70% silt, and 20% sand b. 15% clay, 15% silt, and 70% sand c. 15% clay, 40% silt, and 35% sand d. 33% clay, 33% silt and 33% sand

a

What are plants that flower when the nights are shorter than a critical length? a. day-neutral plants b. long-day plants c. long-night plants d. short-day plants

b

If an area 100 x 100 square feet is to seeded with tall fescue at 6 pounds of seed per 1000 square feet and the seed costs $10 per pound, what will be the cost of seed for the job? a. $60 b. $300 c. $480 d. $600

d

Which of the following is the most expensive source of nitrogen per pound of actual N? a. a 50-pound bag of potassium nitrate (16% N) at $12 per bag b. a 50-pound bag of 12-12-12 at $6 per bag c. a 50-pound bag of 20-5-10 at $8 per bag d. a 50-pound bag of ammonium nitrate 33-0-0 at $7 per bag

a

The soil ball on a shade tree with a stem caliper of 2 inches should be about a. 20 inches in diameter b. 24 inches in diameter c. 28 inches in diameter d. 32 inches in diameter

b

The pH of a soil is a measure of the a. water holding capacity of the soil b. ability of the soil to hold positively charged nutrient ions c. content of nitrogen d. content of hydrogen ions (H+)

d

A root growing downward into the soil is an example of a. epinasty b. phototropism c. geotropism d. geomorphism

c

What type of plant is illustrated in this image a. hemlock b. spruce c. fir d. pine

b

The term describing the pruning of old canes of forsythia back to the ground to force new, vigorous flowering canes is a. hedging b. heading back c. thinning d. shearing

c

Which fertilizer has the highest content of phosphorus? a. 25-4-7 b. 12-12-12 c. 24-4-10 d. 15-16-17

d

When mowing grass, the goal should be to avoid cutting off no more than a. 1/2 of the grass blade b. 1/3 of the grass blade c. 1/4 of the grass blade d. 1/8 of the grass blade

b

The LD50 of an insecticide indicates a. the time required for 50% of the chemical to decompose after spraying b. the quantity required to kill insects c. the quantity required to be lethal to mammals d. the time after spraying when 50% of insects will be killed if they eat treated foliage

c

If a soil test indicates that the pH is 7.5, which of the following would be most logical to apply to the soil if you plan to grow azaleas or blueberries? a. Sulfur b. Lime c. 12-12-12 d. Gypsum

a

An acre has 43,560 sq feet. How many trees can be planted on an acre if they are planted 8 feet apart in rows that are 8 feet apart (assuming no roads)? a. 72 b. 450 c. 680 d. 1240

c

Which of the following is most likely to be fatal to a yew? a. bagworms b. poor soil drainage c. a fungal tip blight d. shade

b

Xylem and phloem in a dicot develop from cells produced by the a. intercalary meristem b. apical meristem c. cork cambium d. vascular cambium

d

a solubridge (conductivity meter) reading of 7.5 mmho indicates that a. there is too much nitrogen in the soil b. the soluble salt level of the soil is in the desirable range c. the soil needs to be limed d. the soluble salt level of the soil is too high for most plants

d

The four basic elements of design are a. space, time, color, and form b. color, form, texture, and line c. form, space, color, and texture d. time, texture, form, and color

b

The maximum slope on which turfgrass should be planted (for mowing safety) is a. 30% b. 20% c. 10% d. 5%

b

The best way to control chickweed would be to a. apply a post-emergence herbicide in mid-summer b. apply a pre-emergence herbicide in August c. apply a pre-emergence herbicide in March d. apply a post-emergence herbicide in November

b

In general, the best ratio of Nitrogen: Phosphorus: Potassium (N:P2O5:K2O) for a turf fertilizer is a. 1:2:3 b. 3:2:1 c. 3:1:2 d. 3:3:3

c

A feature of a turfgrass that allows for rapid spreading to cover a large area is a. rhizome production b. tillering c. seedhead formation d. a fibrous root system

a

An area measuring 100 x 200 feet is fertilized with 20-10-14 fertilizer at a rate providing 2 pounds of actual nitrogen per 1000 square feet. If the fertilizer costs $6.00 for a 50-pound bag, what will be the cost of the fertilizer for this job? a. $48.00 b. $32.00 c. $32.00 d. $8.00

c

When using the type of pruning cut called "heading back", a. the main limbs of large trees are cut back, leaving stubs b. all branches are cut to the same height c. branches are cut back partially to lateral buds d. entire branches are removed by cutting back to the main stem or to the ground

c

Which of the following is most likely to be seriously damaged by severe pruning? a. hybrid tea rose b. yew c. forsythia d. juniper

d

When planting a dogwood or cherry tree in an area with very heavy clay soil, the best approach would be a. to mix 20% sand into the backfill soil b. to place a 2-inch think layer of gravel in the bottom of the planting hole c. to plant in a raised bed or berm d. to add 30% organic matter to the backfill soil

c

a pesticide that is poisonous if inhaled or fatal if swallowed would carry which of the following signal words on its label? a. Danger b. Hazard c. Warning d. Caution

a

An example of a pest with a sucking type of mouth parts is a a. caterpillar b. bagworm c. spider mite d. beetle

c

an insect with complete metamorphosis would go through which stages? a. egg, naiad, and adult b. egg, larva, pupa, and adult c. egg, pupa, nymph, and adult d. egg, larva, and adult

b

Three morphological features that are helpful in identifying turfgrass species are a. stipule, ligule, and auricle b. auricle, ligule, and sheath c. cotyledons, collar, and blade d. internode, ventricle, and auricle

b

Which species of pine s a poor choice for an ornamental tree due to its susceptibility to pine wilt disease (nematode)? a. White pine b. Australian pine c. Scotch pine d. Mugo pine

c

the texture of soil is determined primarily by a. the content of mineral nutrients b. the arrangement of soil aggregates c. the proportions of clay, silt, and sand d. how recently it has been tilled

c

After it is saturated and then drained thoroughly, a good landscape soil should have (by volume) a. 45% sold matter, 5% organic matter. 25% air, and 25% water b. 45% water, 5% air, 2% solid matter, and 25% organic matter c. 45% solid matter, 5% matter, 25% air and 25% organic matter d. 45% air, 5% water, 25% solid matter, and 25% organic matter

a

A grass plant gets taller by cell division in the a. apical meristem b. intercalary meristems c. vascular cambium d. bundle sheath

b

When using highly soluble nitrogen fertilizers, such as (45-0-0),which has no slow release properties, it is usually recommended to apply no more than one pound of actual nitrogen per 1000 square feet of lawn area in a single application.If you follow this recommendation to fertilize a lawn measuring 100 x 100 feet, what is the maximum amount of urea you should apply to the entire area? a. 4.5 lbs b. 10 lbs c. 18 lbs d. 22 lbs

d

Which of the following is the correct series of classifications for grading the height of deciduous or evergreen trees? a. 6-9", 9-12", 12-15", 15-18" b. 5-10", 10-15", 15-20", 20-25" c. 6-12", 12-18", 18-24", 2-2 1/2'

c

The best placement of a red oak for the purpose of shading a house would be a. 15 feet from the southeast corner b. 15 feet from the southwest corner c. 25 feet from the southwest corner d 20 feet from the northwest corner

c

The zones on the USDA hardiness zone map are determined by a. the lowest temp ever recorded in the zone b. the species of plants found in the zone c. the avg yearly minimum temp in the zone d. the number of days per year when the temp in the zone is below 0 degrees F

c

The distance between \______ indicates one year's stem growth on a deciduous tree a. lateral buds b. bud scale scars c. nodes d. lateral shoots

b

Which of the following is the best reason for planting London Planetree rather than American Sycamore? a. Planetree is resistant to lacebugs b. planetree is a smaller tree

c. Planetree is resistant to anthracnose d. Planetree has more attractive bark

c

the term "dioecious" means

a. male and female flowers are found on the same individual plan

b. male and female flowers are present on the same branch

c. male and female flower parts are found in the same flower

d. male and female flowers are found on different individual plants.

d

If an impact sprinkler covering a circle with an area of 500 square foot puts out 6 gallons per minute, about how long will it take to apply one inch of water to the irrigated area? (1 inch of water =620 gal per 1000 sq feet)

a. 90 min

b. 70 min

c. 50 min

d. 30 min

c

A pesticide that is moderately likely to cause acute illness if inhaled, absorbed by skin or swallowed would carry which of the following signal words on its label?
a. warning
b. danger
c. hazard
d. caution

d

A graphic depiction of a site's features that were collected, measured, and inventoried is can a(n)
a. checklist
b. base map
c. site analysis
d. none of the above

b