INSY 3303 UTA Scott Johnson chapter 1-3

application architectures

functions of the application layer software are spread among the clients and servers in the network

bandwidth

difference between the highest and lowest frequencies in a band or set of frequencies

codec

translates analog into digital

coding scheme

language that computers use to represent data

server

stores data or software that can be accessed by the clients

client

The input-output hardware device at the user's end of a communication circuit.

peer-to-peer network

A type of network that connects two client computers directly together.

router

device that connects 2 or more networks

Simplex transmission

One-way transmission, such as that with radios and TVs.

half-duplex

two-way comm, but only one direction can send data at a time

multiplexing

A form of transmission that allows multiple signals to travel simultaneously over one medium.

full-duplex

Communicate in both directions at the same time

Post Office Protocol (POP)

An application layer over the internet standard protocol used by local email clients to retrieve email from a remote server over TCP/IP connection.

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

A protocol used to retrieve email messages.

Ethernet Transmission

Ethernet systems divide data into frames, similar to internet packets. Each frame contains source and destination addresses and error checking data.

geosynchronous

having a period of rotation synchronous with that of the earth's rotation

Layer 1 - Physical layer

physical connection between sender and receiver

Layer 2 - Data Link Layer

responsible for moving a message from one computer to the next computer to the next computer in the network path from the sender to the receiver

Layer 3: Network Layer

performs routing

Layer 4 - Transport Layer

This layer ensures error-free transmission between host through logical addressing. Inbound & outbound ports are controlled in this layer. Ports = transport layer.

Layer 5 - Session Layer

managing and structuring all session

Layer 6 - Presentation Layer

formats the data for presentation to the user

Layer 7 - Application Layer

This layer is where message creation and packet creation begins.

groups of layers

-application layer

-internetwork layer

-hardware layer

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

nonproprietary markup language that a web browser interprets and uses to display the content as a web page

http

all web browsers must use when they request a web page

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

delivers hardware networking capabilities, including the use of servers, networking, and storage, over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model

Internet Model

A five-layer network model most commonly used

Low Earth Orbit (LEO)

satellites are placed in lower orbits to minimize prorogation delay

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)

several standards for nontext files have been developed that can be operate together with SMTP

Modem

A device that allows computers to communicate over telephone lines

Modulation

process of impressing low-frequency information signals into high-frequency carrier signal

open systems interconnection reference model (OSI model)

computer-to-computer communications over a network

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

hardward and software that provides an operating system on which developers can create and deploy

Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)

method where computer circuits transmit binary data as a series of electrical pulses

Protocol Data Unit (PDU)

contains information that is needed to transmit the message through the network

transport

Software as a Service (SaaS)

A form of cloud computing where a firm subscribes to a third-party software and receives a service that is delivered online.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

Internet standard protocol for transferring e-mail messages from one computer to another

standards

hardware and software produced by different vendors can work together

Standards Organizations

Government agencies, voluntary groups, and industry associations involved in establishing guidelines to assist in bringing uniformity to business processes or products.

thin client

little or no application logic on client

thick client

most or all application logic on client

Local Area Network (LAN)

group of computers located in the same general area

backbone networks (BN)

larger, central network connecting several LANs, other BNs, MANs, and WANs

Wide area Networks (WAN)

connect BNs and MANs

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

web address

video conferencing

instant messaging

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

commonly used to transmit phone conversations over digital networks

wireless media

message is broadcast through the air, such as microwave or satellite