SKILLS USA HEALTH KNOWLEDGE BOWL

Involuntary Muscles

cardiac and smooth muscles that can't be controlled by the mind and movement

Voluntary Muscles

skeletal muscles (attached to bone) that can be controlled by mind and movement

Skeletal Muscles

-muscles attached to bone-voluntary-contracts quickly and fatigues easily

Smooth Muscles

visceral (organ) muscles-involuntary-wall of digestive track, uterus, blood vessels-controlled by automatic nervous system

Cardiac Muscles

-heart muscle-involuntary

Diaphysis

-compact bone-shaft of long bone-holds medullary cavity

Medullary Cavity

-within diaphysis-center of shaft-filled with yellow marrow

Epiphysis

-made of spongy bones-two extremities-where hemopoiesis occurs (production of red blood cells)-contains red marrow

Osteocyte

mature bone cell

Fontanel

soft spot on a baby's head

Ossification

cartilage transforms into bone

Osteoblast

a cell which a bone developes

Sphincters

special circular muscle in opening of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, anus, urethra, and mouth

Muscle Tone

muscle are partially contracted at all times

Contractures

server tightening of a flexor muscle resulting in a blending of a joint

Atrophy

when muscles shrink in size and strength when not used for a long time

Tendon

what connects bone and muscle

Ligament

what connects bone to bone

Frontalis

Where: Front of the skull Function: Pulls scalp back for face/forehead movement

Sternocleidomastoid

Where: Side of neck Function: tilt, turn, and nod head

Deltoid

Where: Triangular muscle in shoulder Function: Flex arm, abduct arm, extend arm

Pectoralis

Where: Chest Function: Movement of shoulder joints & adducts the humerus

Latissimus Dorsi

Where: Back Function: Pulls arms back and down

External Oblique

Where: Side of abdomen Function: Pulls chest downward to compress the abdominal cavity

Rectus Abdominus

Where: Front of abdomen ("6 pack") Function: Pulls ribs to pelvis (crunches)

Gluteus Maximus

Where: Butt Function: Movement of hips and thighs

Gastrocnemius

Where: Lower leg (posterior calf) Function: Flexing foot at ankle joint and flexing leg at knee joint

Gracilis

Where: Medial side of thigh (inner thigh) Function: Hip adduction and assists knee flexion

Sartorius

Where: Across front of the thigh; from hip to inner side of tibia Function: Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates the thigh and flexes the lower leg

Vastus Lateralis

Where: Lateral side of thigh Function: extension of lower leg

Vastus Medialis

Where: Medial side of thigh Function: extends thigh

Tibialis Anterior

Where: Shins Function: Straightens or lifts foot

Biceps Branchi

Where: upper, inside part of the arm Function: forearm lifting

Brachioradialis

Where: forearm Function: flexes forearm at elbow

Trapezius

Where: upper back Function: moving, rotating, stabilizing scapula

Triceps

Where: back of arm Function: extension of elbow joint

Biceps Femoris

Where: back of knee Function: knee flexion

Buccinator

Where: inside of mouth Function: chewing

Clavicle

collar bone

Scapula

shoulder

Phalanges

fingers and toes

Metacarpals

hand bones

Carpals

wrist bones

Radius

lower arm (lateral)

Ulna

lower arm (medial)

Humorous

upper arm

Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis

pelvic bones

Metatarsals

foot bones

Tarsals

ankle bones

Calcaneous

heal

Tibia

lower leg (medial)

Fibula

lower leg (lateral)

Femur

upper leg (largest bone in body)

Patella

knee

Prone

laying on stomach

Supine

flat on back

Semi-fowlers

45-75 degree angle

High-fowlers

75-90 degree angle

Trendelenberg

feet above head

Recovery

(left recumbent) on left side

brady

slow

tacky

fast

Midsagittal plane

cut from top through bottom to separate right and left

Frontal plane

cuts through middle of head down to feet to separate front and back

superior

body parts above another

inferior

body parts below another

Cranial

body parts towards the head

Caudal

body parts towards the feet

medial

body parts towards the middle

lateral

body parts away from the middle

ventral

body parts towards the front

anterior

body parts towards the front

dorsal

body parts towards the back

posterior

body parts towards the back

proximal

body parts towards a point of reference

distal

body parts distant from a point of reference

dorsal cavity

back of the body that includes the cranial cavity (brain) and spinal cavity (spinal cord)

ventral cavity

front of the body that includes the thoracic cavity (respiratory and cardiac organs), abdominal cavity (GI organs), and pelvic cavity (contains reproductive organs and urinary organs

orbital cavity

contains eye structures

nasal cavity

contains parts that form the nose

oral cavity

teeth and tongue in the mouth

Right hypochondriac region

top right

epigastric region

top middle

left hypochondriac region

top left

right lumbar region

middle right

umbilical region

middle

left lumbar region

middle left

right iliac region

bottom right

hypogastric region

bottom middle

left iliac region

bottom left

erythrocytes

red blood cells

rhinoplasty

nose reconstruction

carditis

heart inflammation

myalgia

muscle pain

splenectomy

removal of the spleen

hepatitis

liver inflammation

cardiomegaly

enlargement of the heart

cyanosis

blue discoloration of the skin

thoracentesis

a puncture in the chest to remove excess fluid

colotomy

surgical opening of the colon