NeuroBio EXAM 1

What is the difference between GABA and Ach Synaptic Vesicle

Gaba gets re-uptaken, Ahc gets degraded.

What is 1

Synthesis

What is 2

Packaging Requiers Proton Graident

What is 3

Release

What is 4

Re-uptake or Degration

In the Life cycle of the Neurotransmitter, what does V-ATPase do?

Sets up a proton gradient that powers VT

In the Life cycle of the Neurotransmitter, what does VT do?

Vesicular Transporter lets protons out and Neurotransmitters in.

In the Life cycle of the Neurotransmitter, what fuses for release?

Calcium-mediated SNARE fusion. 

In the Life cycle of the Neurotransmitter, What is the PMT

Plasma Membrane Transport

In the Life cycle of the Neurotransmitter, What does the PMT on the glia do?

it degrades and shunts, maintaing the “off rate”

In the Life cycle of the Neurotransmitter, how does ACh get degraded?

Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme.

What is 1

Ca2+

What is 2

Synaptic Cleft

What is 3

Clathrin

What is 4

Synaptic Endosome

What is 5

Neurotransmitter

What is 7

Active Zone

What is 8

Receptor

What is 9

Postsynaptic Cell

What is 10

Synaptic Vesicle

What is 11

ATP

What is 12

ADP

What is 13

V-ATPase

What does this IV plot show

Nicotine Acetylcholine Receptor

What is important about Nicotine Acetylcholine Receptor

• Mixed I ion channel (Na+. K+. Ca+2)

• Slightly above 0

• Excitatory 

What does it mean when the Nicotine Acetylcholine Receptor depolarizes at 060 current

Positive Ions INTO Cell

It depolarizes and hits the threshold to hit an action potential.

What is important about GABA-A Receptors

• Inhibitory

• Cl^- receptors only

• + slope from - ions

• + slope form - ions works how?

• from -60 current, + slope from the - current flowing in

Snyaptobrevin/VAMP stands for

“Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein”

Snyaptobrevin/VAMP if found in 

The Synaptic Vesicle (BLUE)

Side of Neurotransmitters 

Snyaptobrevin/VAMP does what

Mediates vesicle fusion (v-SNARE)

Where is Syntaxin found 

From the PreSynaptic Plasma Membrane (RED)

Side of Ca+2 influx

What is Syntaxin function 

Mediates vesicle fusion (t-SNARE)

SNAP-25 found in

Presynaptic Plasma Membrane

what does the SNAP-25 do

2 alpha helix

Mediates vesicle fusion and interacts with NHF that causes binding.

Sec1/Munc18 (SM) found in

Found in the Presynaptic cytosol

What does the Sec1/Munc18 (SM) do

Not fully understood, Binds to SNARE complex and essential for vesicle fusion.

Where is Synaptotagmin

In the Synaptic Vesicle

what does the Synaptotagmin do

Senses Ca2+ to trigger vesicle fusion.

Where is Complexin

Found in the Presynaptic Cytosol

what does Complexin do?

Binds and regulates the SNARE-meditated vesicle fusion

Where is RIM and RAB3 found

Found in the active zone

What does Rim do

Organized the presynaptic scaffold, Cytoplasmic

What does RAB3 do

Interacts with the acitve zone components (Synaptic Vesicle Associated)

What does Rim and Rab3 do together

tethter voltage gated Ca2+ channels to synatotaxin

What does Synapsin do?

Maintains vesicles in the vicinity of the active zone and regulates the size of reserve

Where is the Synapsin found

in the Synaptic Vesicle

Where is Clathrin found

It is found in the Presynaptic Cytosol

What does the Clathrin do?

Shapes recyled vesicles from presynaptic plasma membrane or endosome membrane during endocytosis. 

Shibire/Dyamin is found where

Presynaptic Cytosol

What does the Shibire/Dyamin do?

Cytoplasmic protien for final pinshing off of endocytosis. 

NSF found in

Presynaptic Cytosol

what does the NSF do

Disassembles SNARE complex after fusion

Spacial Submation

2 separate pulses, that meet each other and stack. 

temporal submation

2 pulses from the same location, one after the other

dendrites length constant

distance of the dendrite

dentrites time constant

the sharp peaks dull over time 

amplitude decreases, duration increases

Diameter imposes ________ _______

But ______ ______ does not change Diameter

Internal Resistance

“Alpha s “is what 

Activates AC

From Epinephrine 

“Alpha I” is what 

Inhibits AC Ca2+ Channel 

Activates GRIK, 

From ACh

“Alpha q” is what

Activates PLC

Capacitor is what of the cell

Plasma Membrane

Facilitation

Releasing more Neurotransmiteasters as time goes on makes it larger

Depression

Leaving less neurotransmitters

Activates G protein-coupled Receptors 

• lower voltage gates Na+ channels

• Activating K+ channels

TARP

• regulate AMPA receptor function and placement at synapses

• Regulate decay kinetics \

Why do you need Glycine for NMDAR

it is a co-agonist with glutamate for the NMDAR channel can open

Sodium Gates

1. Fast voltage gate

2. Slow, inactivation gate (closed if above threshold)

Ohms Law

I=V/R