Intro To Computer Programming

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Strings can be added together with this operator

ord()

Converts character to ASCII value

char()

Converts ASCII value to character

len()

Returns the length of a word as an integer

word[ ]

Used to find the character at a particular index

word[-1]

Will begin reading from the final character of the string

word.isalpha()

Returns a boolean value of whether ALL characters are alphabetical

word.isupper()

Returns a boolean value of whether ALL characters are uppercase

word[ ].isupper

Checks if a single character at a particular index is uppercase (boolean)

word.upper()

Converts a word to all upper case characters

word.swapcase()

Switches the case of all characters in a string

list_name = [ ]

Creates a new list

list[ ]

Format for list indexing

list.append(“item”)

Adds a string “item” to a list

list.remove(“item”)

Removes a string “item” from a list

list.index(“item”)

Find the index of string “item” in a list

min(list)

Find the minimum value in a list

max(list)

Find the maximum value in a list

list.split(“,”)

Turns a list into a string separated by a comma

try:

Place risky code — that may throw an error — under this block header

except:

Write code under this block header that will run if there is an exception (runtime error etc.) in a previous block

def name():

Creates a function called name

Local variable

A variable in a function that is only used in that function (e.g. a variable ‘x’ can be use din multiple functions because of this)

def name(a, b, c,):

Define a function called “name“ with functions a, b, and c

dict = { }

Create an empty dictionary named “dict’

:

Keys and values are separated by this

,

Key-value pairs are separated buy this

dict[key]

In a dictionary named ‘dict’ find the value of ‘key’

dict[new_key] = new_value

In a dictionary called ‘dict’ add a key called ‘new_key’ and a value called ‘new_value’

dict.keys()

Find all keys in a dictionary called ‘dict’

dict.values()

Find all values in a dictionary called ‘dict’

dict.items()

Find all key-value pairs in a dictionary called ‘dict’

for key in dict.keys()

Iterate over all keys in a dictionary called ‘dict’

for key, value in dict.items()

Iterate over all key-value pairs in a dictionary called ‘dict’

class class_name

Create a class called ‘class_name)

def __init_(self):

Write the constructive method used in classes (use one less underscore in the second “dunder” because of Knowt formatting)

def __init_(self, name, age):

Create a constructor method that passes arguments ‘name’ and ‘age’

dog1 = dogs(“Albert”)

Create a new instance of a class called ‘dogs’ and assign it to a variable ‘dog1’. The new dogs name is ‘Albert’.

dog1.name

Using the class ‘dogs’, find the name of ‘dog1’ (dog1 is already assigned as a variable)