astronomy waves and energy

Crest

Highest point of a wave

Trough

Lowest point of a wave

equilibrium line

The midd point of a wave, also the line between the waves.

Wavelength

Distance between crest to crest or trough to trough

Amplitude

Height of a wave. Measured from equilibrium line to crest or trough.

Waves are caused by a ?

vibration

If a wave becomes taller, what has increased?

Amplitude

Frequency

The number of waves passing a fixed point in a specific amount of time is known as

If a wave were to speed up, the frequency would?

Increase

If a wave were to slow down, the frequency would?

Decrease

Waves with longer/bigger wavelengths have?

lower frequencies

Waves with shorter/smaller wavelengths have

Higher frequencies

Period

Amount of time it takes one wavelength to pass a point

Amplitude effects what?

Wavelength and frequency

Which form of radiation is the most dangerous?

Gamma Rays

Which form of radiations causes sunburns?

Ultraviolet

Name a form of radiation that is usfeule for communicating

RadioWaves and Microwaves

Which form of radiation is used in medical imaging?

X-ray

Which form of radiation is useful for sterilizing lab equitment?

Ultraviolet

What are three forms of nucelar radiation?

Alpha, Beta, Gamma

If you work with radiation what should you be concerned about?

being exposed, and contamination.

Which form of radiation is completely harmless to humans?

Alpha

Which form of nuclear radiation is damaging to the eyes?

Beta

What distinguishes one form of radiation from another?

The wavelengths

Which form of radiation is used by your TV remote control?

Infrared

When the TSA shines a flashlight on your driver's license to verify the authenticity of the license, what form of radiation is the flashlight emitting?

Ultraviolet + Visible light

Which form of radiation has the smallest/narrowest band of wavelengths?

Visible light

Which form of radiation is associated with skin cancers?

Ultraviolet

Which form of radiation (if any) is known to both cause and cure cancer?

Gamma Rays

Which forms of nuclear radiation are known to be actual particles (even though they still behave like waves?

Alpha and Beta

Which forms of radiation are able to travel through a vacuum (space)?

Electromagnetic Waves

Which form or forms of radiation are able to pass through brick walls with ease?

Gamma and X rays

Which form or forms of radiation are useful for cooking?

Microwave and infrared

The smaller the wave becomes….

The greater danger it has

Weather is what?

The present state of the atmosphere in a geographic region

Weather occurs in where?

Troposphere

What causes weather?

uneven heating of the earth's surface caused by the sun

What is climate?

the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.

What are the main factors that affect climate?

Latitude and Altitude

What two things cause rapid change in the climate?

Changes to the surface of the earth, and changes to the atmosphere

What is visible light?

A form of electromagnetic energy that is detectable to the human eye

What is radiation?

Energy that is emitted as waves or particles

What is Earths energy budget?

The global balance between incoming and outgoing energy/radiation

All forms of energy can be thought of as….

light, rays, or a wave particle.

As the skater travels up hill what happens?

The potential energy increases as the kinetic energy decreases

As the skater travels down hill what happens?

Kinetic energy increases while the potential energy decreases

what is thermal energy caused by?

Friction

Where on the ramp does the skater have the highest amount of kinetic energy?

The bottom of the ramp

Where on the ramp does the skater have the highest amount of potential energy?

The top of the ramp

work

To exert force on something and cause movement. The product of applied force & distance moved.

energy

That which is given to a body that enables it to do work.

period

The amount of time it takes one wave to pass a fixed point, or the amount of time it takes for one cycle of the oscillation that generated the wave. SI Unit = Seconds.

frequency

The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a specific amount of time, or the number of oscillations that take place in a specific amount of time (usually a second). SI Unit = Hertz (Hz)

alpha

High energy particle composed of 2 protons & 2 neutrons, essentially a helium nucleus. Can travel 10 - 20 cm through the air before losing their energy.

beta

High energy electron or positron (positively charged electron). Can travel up to 15 m through the air before losing their energy.

gamma

Very high energy photons(massless particles). Can travel up

to 50 km through the air & infinite distances through a vacuum.

What is weather?

The present state of the atmosphere in a geographic region with respect to temperature, air

pressure, humidity, precipitation, cloudiness, wind, sunshine, Etc.

Where does weather occur?

All around the world but only in the lowest part of the atmosphere (troposphere)

What causes weather to happen?

Uneven heating of the earth's surface by the sun which leads to high and low pressure zones, and

nature wants to neutralize the difference in the pressure. The air moves from one zone to another,

and the movement of different air masses creates the weather.

What is climate?

The generally prevailing weather conditions over a geographic area averaged over many years.

What is the "Earth's Energy Budget?"

A balance between radiant energy that reaches earth from the sun and the energy that flows from

earth back into space.

Chemical energy

Energy stored in the bonds between atoms

Thermal energy

the energy of moving or vibrating atoms and molecules

mechanical energy

energy generated by the position or movement of mass

nuclear energy

the energy that binds the nucleus of an atom together

electrical energy

energy resulting from the orderly flow of electrical charges

electromagnetic energy

energy emitted as waves or particles that are able to travel through space

what type of energy is sound

mechanical (kinetic)

what type of energy is gravitational

mechanical (potential)

what type of energy is elastic

mechanical (potential)

what's the smallest electromagnetic wave

gamma rays

what's the largest electromagnetic wave

radio waves

which waves of radiation can you use for communication

radio, microwaves, and visible light

3. Potential energy is:

D) both

17) what type of radiation do cell phones use

A) microwaves

21) what's the biggest worry of contamination

B) inhaling it

23) what does polarizing glasses protect from

D) UV

which layer is the troposphere in

the lowest layer