HIST 2111 final

Convention of the States to fix the Articles of Confederation

1787 - articles were too weak

North Western Territory

valuable resource

Shays Rebellion

1786-1787 - farmers were angry abt high taxes in Mass
hold up a courthouse
rich v poor

What did Shay's Rebellion lead to?

a push for a stronger central government

National Convention

1787 - decide how to improve the government officially

Virginia Plan

James Madison's plan
strong central government, executive branch, bicameral legislative

The Great Compromise

every state has 2 representatives in the Senate, 2/3's clause for representation

What controversy surrounded The Great Compromise?

how should you count slaves in population

Electoral College

keeps power balanced between large and small states

Alexander Hamilton's plan

create bonds (IOUS) and the federal government assumes the State's debts

1st Bank of the United States

chartered in 1791
federal bank - stores gov tax revenue
issue loans

Hamilton's plan to capitalize $10 million

$2 million in specie (gold & silver)
$8 million in treasury notes

Backlash from Hamilton's plan

the constitution says nothing about banks

Response to Hamilton's plan

formation of the Democratic party - 1792

French Revolution

1792

American response to the French Revolution

Federalists = anti-france
Democrats = pro-france

federalists

pro Hamilton
think the US is too democratic

democrats

anti Hamilton
want centralized government

Election of 1796

Adams (F) v Jefferson (D)
Adams wins > Jefferson = VP

Alien and Sedition Acts

1798 - kick out foreigners and punish government slanderers

Election of 1800

Adams (F) v Jefferson (D)
tie > Jefferson wins

Jefferson Administration

expand rural America
smaller decentralized government

Louisiana Purchase

1803 - US buys land from France for $15 million
from Mississippi to the Rockies

What allowed the US to buy the Louisiana Purchase?

Barings Bank buys US bank bonds

2nd Jefferson Administration

Conflict between Napoleon and the English
English seamen runaway to US
English gov steals US sailors

Election of 1808

James Madison wins

War of 1812

Madison declares war because the English keep stealing US men
fought without a way to manage $ (bank charter ran out in 1811)

Enemies during the War of 1812

England, Canada, Native Americans

Why was the War of 1812 controversial?

it was seen as the democrats war
federalists didn't want a war

Battle of Lake Erie

1813 - US navy grows back and wins

Treaty of Ghent

1814 - treaty that ended the War of 1812
no one gets anything

Defectors of the War of 1812

English soldiers to the US
US slaves to England

Redstick War

1814 - A Jackson against the natives
Treaty of Fort Jackson

Battle of New Orleans

1815 - Brits in NOLA
Brits don't know the war is over
Jackson comes w/ army and US wins

Consequence of the Battle of New Orleans

federalist party dies because they didn't want the war

2nd Bank of the US

chartered in 1816
needed to stabilize the US economy after the War of 1812

Rush-Bagot Treaty

1817 - US and UK agreed no naval forces on the Great Lakes
settles boundary between Canada and the US
jointly administer Oregon territory

Adams-Onis Treaty

1819 - Spain gives FL to the US
leads to a fight with the FL Seminoles

Missouri Conflict

1819 - Missouri is large enough to be a state
will it be slave or free

Missouri Compromise

1820 - Maine = free Missouri = slave
no slavery about 36"30" (LA territory)

Election of 1824

only democrats running
Clay v Q Adams v Jackson
no electoral majority > contingent election
Quincy Adams wins

John Quincy Adams

originally a federalist (active president)
wants to spend money on stuff

post election of 1824

Jackson and Van Burren split back into parties

Election of 1828

Adams (f) v Jackson (d)
dirty election > Jackson wins

Indian Removal Act

1830 - Jackson hates Native Americans
Americans want Natives to move so they can have the land
kicks out Natives and their defenders (missionaries)

Worcester v GA

1832 - Jackson doesn't have the authority to kick missionaries out of GA

Jackson's opinions about the Bank of the US

he HATES it

Election of 1832

Jackson (d) v Whigs v Masons
ops try to ruin Jackson
Jackson wins

1832 plan against Andrew Jackson

goat Jackson into dealing with the bank
recharter = doesn't stand by his word
kill it = monarch
doesn't work

post Election of 1832

1832 - Jackson vetoes bank charter
pulls all federal funds

effects of Jackson killing the 2nd US bank

ppl get bank loans like crazy
speculative boom
small banks give out too many loans

pet banks

1833 - Jackson moves all federal tax $ from the National bank > small banks that do AJ favors

Teetotaler

1830's reform movement
temperance and pushed by Christians

Abolitionist movement

1830's - growing in north with blacks and whites

Republican Motherhood

start of women's suffrage
in response to outrage that women are speaking out against slavery

Seneca Falls

1847-48 - first women's rights convention

Speculation in western land

1835 - Jackson hates this
stops it by making ppl pay in person with specie

Election of 1836

Van Burren wins

1830's Cotton economy

Factors borrow $ from England
cotton does really well > everyone invests (factors)

Panic of 1837

English wants their $ -> Factors want their $ back -> Farmers don't have $ quick
leads to crash

1837 Bank Runs

ppl run to bank for their $
bank doesn't have $ or won't give out any

Election of 1840

Harrison (whigs) v Burren (d)
first modern election - nationwide parties + spin campaigns
Harrison wins

1840's spin campaigns

Harrison = log cabin relatable (good)
Burren = eurotrash tits guy (bad)
voters LOVE IT

Harrison's Admin

dies early in office > VP John Tyler takes office

John Tyler

not a whig
pro-slavery and hates Jackson

Texas

Catholic Americans incentivize to move to Texas to make cash
bring slavery culture

Mexico 1830's

bans slavery and becomes dictatorship
Texans are really mad

Texas War of Independence

1836 - Texas wants to be independent
Texans want to be in the USA

Problem if Texas joins the US

slave-free state balance is too delicate and it will upset voters

Election of 1844

Polk (d) wins
what do you do with Texas (dem question)

Treaty of Anexation

1844 - Calhoun signs and sends to Senate
it dies

1845 Polk's territory

Texas joins the USA
wants all of Oregon terr. and California

Mexican American War

1846 - Polk sends US troops to southern border
Mexico fires first
US wins

Wilmont Proviso

1846 - any land gained in Mexican war will have no slavery

Controversy around the Wilmont Proviso

Polk fights for southern land and not for northern land
Polk signed treaty giving half of Oregon territory to England

Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago

1848 - US gets Mexican land

Election of 1848

Cass (d) v Taylor (w)
apolitical war hero Taylor wins

Popular sovereignty

post 1848 - let state decide if they allow slavery or not

California Gold Rush

1848 - gold found in California
ppl rush to CA

Effects of the California Gold Rush

CA gains large population and becomes a state
wants to be a free soil state
south = mad
increase in Chinese immigration

Taylor's death

1849 - allowed for the Compromise of 1850
Taylor thought the compromise was dumb
Richard Filmore is now president

Compromise of 1850

CA = free state
Texas can't he huge
Parts of Mexico are now US territory
US will pay Texas debts
Fugitive Slave Law

Fugitive Slave Law

1850 - runaway slaves will be returned to their masters
US citizens can be forced to hunt down slaves against their will

Election of 1852

Whigs collapse
Franklin Pierce (d) wins

Kansas Nebraska Act

1854 - popular sovereignty
the north doesn't like it

Republican party forms

1854 - stop slavery from expanding

Kansas Popular Sovereignty Election

1855 - ppl get pain to go to Kansas and vote in slave or free election
it becomes a free state

Sack of Lecompton

1856 - pro and anti slavery ppl in Kansas and clash
many people die and are hurt

John Brown

led the Pattawatomie Massacre and Harper's Ferry
anti-slavery

Pattawatomie Massacre

1856 - John Brown kill Kansas men
leads to Burning Kansas

Election of 1856

Buchanan (d) v Freemont (r)
Buchanan wins
looking for someone to end slavery

1856 Democrat platform

don't vote dem = south will leave
don't vote dem = handing US to black ppl

Buchanan's admin

wants to stop talking abt slavery
involved w/ Dred Scott

Dred Scott decision

1857 - slave wants to be free
was taken to a free state = free man
SCOTUS disagrees
blacks don't have rights

Harpers Ferry

1859 - John Brown leads slave revolt and steals weapons from the US armory
Fails and gets caught and hung

Election of 1860

Lincoln (r) v 2 dems
Lincoln wins

1860 platforms

republican = allow slavery, stop the spread
democrat = preserve the union

Jefferson Davis in 1860

talk to south abt slavery
"the north will make use get rid of our slaves"

U.S. Grant

Civil war general
leads the Union army

Fort Sumtur, SCx

1861 - last southern federal land the north has
Lincoln sends convoy
South opens fire
start of the Civil war