apah medieval cfus

The four figures surrounding the center figure representing an orant, which is (catacombs of priscilla)

a Figure praying

When creating the paintings in these catacombs the artist was influenced primarily by the style seen in

Roman murals

While different theories exist about why no Christian art older than the earliest paintings from catacombs seems to have survived, some scholars theorize that early Christians

avoided making religious images to distinguish themselves from members of other religions

The interior of the building is (santa sabina)

ornamented with marble

The central nave that extends above the lateral aisles, the upper windows of the nave, the colonnades that divide the interior space, and the apse opposite the main door all help to identify the Santa Sabina as

a Roman Basilica

Basilica Ulpia is related to Santa Sabina in form. What is the major difference between their forms?

Santa Sabina does not contain the traditional classical architectural orders

The Vienna Genesis was bound together in a codex (ancestor of a modern book) and was made of (rebecca and eliezer)

vellum /calf skin that was dyed purple

Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well from the Vienna Genesis represents Classical conventions in that

Rebecca is modestly dressed as she walks along the columned road

What about the attached artwork enables a modern audience to believe its patron was wealthy?

The purple dye on the pages was costly

The Justinian mosaic in San Vitale establishes a message of power by (san vitale)

Illustrating the emperor's authority over the church, military, and administration of state

The top image shows the PAntheon and the bottom image shows San Vitale. The plan of San Vitale differs from that of the Pantheon by the inclusion of a

narthex

San Vitale uses what kind of plan?

Central

Both San Vitale and the Pantheon both have which of the following architectural features?

A dome

The Byzantine mosaics of Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora from the Church of San Vitale in Ravenna differ from classical Roman mosaics in that they

favor stylized figures against a gold-leaf background, reflecting the emphasis of early Christian art on spirituality

The inclusion of radiating semicircular niches (exedrae) in the plan of San Vitale allowed its architect to

integrate the central domed space with the surrounding ambulatory and gallery

The formal qualities of the work shown identify it as an example of an (virgin theotokos)

Byzantine icon because of the heavily contoured figures with a gold background

To highlight their symbolic meaning, the imagery depicted in the Byzantine icon from St. Catherine's can best be described as

strongly flattened

The steady gazes and frontal poses of the foreground figures likely affected the original audience by

encouraging a personal connection with icon painting

The medium of the work is encaustic, which is pigment mixed with

wax

This work is a rare icon that survived iconoclasm, which was

the banning or destruction of religious figurative images

While some Christian worshipers at the time of the work's creation saw such works as necessary to their devotions, others objected because they believed that the works:

tempted the faithful to worship them as idols

The use of deep relief carving in the Pyxis of al-Mughira affects the composition in which of the following ways? (pyxis)

It emphasizes the volume of the figures, decorative motifs, and text.

The carved decoration on the work has been interpreted as symbolic of the political power and legitimacy of the ruler based on

representations of falcon eggs, which were symbolic of the Umayyad Caliphate

In what way is the content of the attached artwork typical of the culture to which it belongs?

It contains dense ornamentation and calligraphic script

What is the function of the artwork pictured?

To hold perfume

The work, which was created in medieval Islamic Spain, demonstrates the influence of

ivory carving traditions that existed throughout the Mediterranean

The Patron of the Building was (hagia sophia)

Justinian

Byzantine churches built after Hagia Sophia often imitated its

use of a dome resting on pendentives

When Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque, what part of its overall structure was changed/modified?

Minarets were added

Architects of Hagia Sophia were also

mathematicians

After the original dome of Hagia Sophia collapsed in 558 C.E., its architects responded by

increasing the height of the dome and adding buttresses

How does the dome of the Church of Hagia Sophia differ from that of the Pantheon?

The Pantheon's dome rises directly from the walls.

The Hagia Sophia plan combines

a basilica plan with a central plan

Original viewers of the interior of Hagia Sophia were described as reacting with

awe that its dome seemingly hovered on a cushion of light

Which aspect of the mosque in the attached image is influenced by a previous culture? (mosque of selim)

It contains squinches

In the Mosque of Selim II, the architect Sinan proclaimed the Ottoman sultan's supremacy over the emperors of Byzantium through all of the following means EXCEPT by

building on the site of Emperor Justinian's tomb

Why did the architect of the mosque in the attached image create an open interior space?

To accommodate for many Muslims praying at the same time

Sinan the chief architect for Suleyman the Magnificent was chiefly influenced by...

the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul

The mihrab of the structure is located (mosque of cordoba)

in the qibla wall

The Great Mosque of Córdoba evokes a particular Islamic style of architecture from what region?

The Umayyad style found in Damascus, Syria

A principal feature of the interior shown is

a hypostyle hall

How did the original architects convey a sense of awe in this Islamic mosque?

Double-tiered arches increased the height of the interior

The original mosque contained a Catholic cathedral due to all of the reasons EXCEPT:

the Catholics did not have to change anything in order to create the cathedral.

How does this building's plan convey how it was mainly used?

The mihrab's location shows the direction in which worshippers prayed

Christians blocked off the entrances to the mosque as they:

were more focused on space for their reliquaries and images of saints

All of the following are part of the structure's decoration EXCEPT

bas relief narratives

The Umayyad architects of the Great Mosque of Córdoba borrowed from the city's Roman architectural heritage by

incorporating columns from older structures

After the Nasrids fell, all of the following is true about Alhambra EXCEPT: (alhambra palace)

The interior Islamic decoration was removed and replaced with Christian imagery.

All of the following is true about Alhambra EXCEPT

It is only a palace - a residence for the sultan and his family

All of the following is true about The Court of the Lions EXCEPT:

It continues the tradition of the layout of the typical Islamic palace

The Merovingian fibulae are visually characteristic of medieval luxury items in that they (looped fibula)

Include stylized animal forms

The Merovingian Fibulae are made by using the technique of

Cloisonne enameling

Scholars think that early medieval fibulae, such as the Merovingian looped fibulae, served as

status symbols owned to enhance prestige

A fibula is a

clasp used to fasten garments

The St. Matthew cross-carpet page of the Lindisfarne Gospels invites meditative reflection through the use of (lindisfarne gospels)

complex and repetitive abstract designs created from interlacing linear forms

The cross-carpet page of the Lindisfarne Gospels demonstrates the influence of migratory metalwork by

incorporating interlace designs

The cross-carpet page of the Lindisfarne Gospels demonstrates both continuity and change through the use of

indigenous styles to express new religious meaning

The complex designs that make up this work reflect its function as a

divider intended to mark the transition between different sections of a book

The influence of older northern European artistic traditions on the work shown demonstrates that

missionaries in the British Isles embraced the local artistic style in their efforts to spread Christianity to new converts

The work shown demonstrates the influence of earlier northern European artistic traditions through

the interlacing of stylized animal forms to create dense patterns

In what way could these two artworks be compared in regard to their forms?

Both have intricate designs formed by thin lines which separate the areas

In the lower left side of the tympanum, the church's namesake, Saint Foy, is depicted kneeling before the outstretched hand of God in order to (st. foy)

inspire visiting pilgrims to similarly adopt humble reverence before the hand of God

The style of the relief sculpture on the tympanum is best demonstrated as Romanesque through the

heavily stylized figures that are depicted either frontally or in composite poses

The tympanum relief sculpture at the Church of Sainte-Foy uses contrasting iconography within a symmetrical composition to distinguish between

the consequences of good and evil

How did patrons of the Reliquary of Sainte-Foy contribute to its form?

They donated materials which now cover the sculpture

What is one difference between the layout of the Santa Sabina and the Church of Sainte-Foy?

The Church of Sainte-Foy has a cruciform architectural plan and the Santa Sabina does not.

The subject matter of this relief sculpture was chosen to

warn Christians of what could happen if they are not faithful

The reliquary of St. Foy holds

The cranium of a young martyred girl

Crowds could be directed around the apse to view relics by walking on the

Ambulatory

The church of Sainte-Foy at Conques is similar to other Romanesque pilgrimage churches in that

contains radiating chapels for the veneration of relics

What was the main reason for the enlargement of the church at Conques?

The church became a popular stop on the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela.

The ribbed barrel vaults of the Church of Sainte-Foy allowed the architects to do what?

Make the nave taller

The Bayeux Tapestry can be linked to the influence of Roman Imperial works such as the Column of Trajan in its (bayeux tapestry)

detailed retelling of a historical narrative depicted in a scroll-like format

Which of the following is true of the Bayeux Tapestry?

It depicts the victory of William of Normandy over King Harold in the Battle of Hastings.

What period is this work from?

Romanesque

Bayeux besides the central narrative the work also contains

scenes of everyday life

How did the context of this artwork influence its form and/or content?

It contains writing and paintings relating to Passover

The Bayeux Tapestry depicts a long historical narrative that includes events leading up to

the Battle of Hastings

Bayeux Tapestry's main narrative is told in

Latin

While the sculptural spaces in these types of cathedrals depicted important biblical scenes, even greater impact was often made with the (chartes)

stained glass

Chartres Cathedral is an example of High Gothic architecture because of its

decorative facades, sweeping spires, and soaring ceilings

The western façade of the cathedral is notable for its Royal Portal, which depicts

images of Mary and the Christ child, Christ's second coming, and Christ's Ascension

The different spires at Chartres Cathedral are a result of

a fire which destroyed half the facade, the new half being built in a different style

A lancet is

a tall narrow window with a pointed arch usually filled with stained glass

The two styles of the spires at Chartres Cathedral are

Early Gothic and Late Gothic

One of the unique architectural innovations of this cathedral's style was

the flying buttress

The western entrances of churches in this architectural style were referred to as Royal Portals, but they were also viewed as

a gateway to Heavenly Jerusalem

Which aspect of this artwork's form most contributes to our belief that it was commissioned around 1230 CE? (bible moralise)

The figure at the top right holds a gold coin

Why might the artist of the Röttgen Pietà have chosen to sculpt the heads of figures so they are disproportionate to their bodies? (rottgen pleta)

To emphasize the grief and pain on the faces

The distortions and the anguish seen in the sculpture on the right are intended to inspire

personal piety

How did the context of this artwork influence its form and/or content? (golden haggadah)

It contains writing and paintings relating to Passover

This is the ___________ from the Golden Haggadah

Plagues of Egypt

The artistic revival known as the Renaissance began with painters like Giotto and wasStimulated in part by the (giotto)

preaching of the Franciscans

In what way(s) did this artwork and the others in the Arena Chapel most influence later artworks?

The apparent bulk of the figures influenced later artists to work with light and shading on their forms

Enrico Scrovegni, the patron of the Arena Chapel, had the building built anddecorated to

expiate the sin of usury, which his family had committed

Giotto was probably Cimabue's student where he learned

chiaroscuro, or the use of light and shadow

The scene in the back of the Arena Chapel over the main door is the same scenedepicted in

the tympanum of the church of Sainte-Foy, Conques

The elaborate Arena Chapel frescoes by Giotto di Bondone are painted in a manner and style directly linked to

the rise of humanist philosophy

In the medieval Catholic belief system, people who committed sins could atone for them with good works, such as

paying to have a chapel decorated with a religious narrative

What is the content of the paintings on these walls created by Giotto and his workshop?

The lives of Christ, Mary, and Joachim and the Virtues and Vices