biology quiz

spontaneous generation

an idea that living organisms could originate from non-living material

cell theory

cells come from pre-existing cells

LUCA

last universal common ancestor, cell is the origin of life, prokaryotic, anaerobic, chemoautotroph

cyanobacteria

second type of cell on earth, prokaryotic, photoautotroph

aerobic

third type of cell on earth, 38 ATP

how old is earth?

4.5 billion years old

how did water come on earth?

icy asteroids and comets delivered oceans to earth

when did the origin of life come to earth?

3.8 billion years ago

primordial soup hypothesis

origin of life occured in a warm little pond like a hot spring

hyrdothermal vent hypothesis

still warm and nutrient rich, but also protected from damaging uv radiation in the deep sea

chemical evolution hypothesis

origin of life came from inorganic chemicals joining, reforming, and becoming larger and more complex over time, eventually becoming cells

miller-urex experiment (1950s)

tests the hypothesis of chemical evolution and primordal soup

what was used in the miller-urex experiment?

inorganic gases + water + heat + electricity

endosymbiotic theory

attemps to explain the origin and evolution of the mitochondria and chloroplast

endosymbiosis 1

aerobic bacteria invaded a larger anaerobic bacteria and they formed a symbiotic relationship, then evolved into mitochondria

mitochondria is the ancestor to all what?

fungi and animals

endosymbiosis 2

protist engulfed a cyanobacteria, forming another symbiotic relationship, then evolved into a chloroplast

chloroplast is the ancestor to all what?

plants

fossils

traces or remains of once living organisms that have been preserved by natural processes

convergent evolution

species can evolve into similar organisms because they were exposed to similar pressures of natural selection

homologous body structures

structures of different organisms that are similar in form but may differ in function, organism shares a common ancestor

analogous body structures

look similar on the outside, perform the same function but have different structures on the inside, no evolution relationship

vestigial structures

a structure that no longer serves a purpose in an organism but is present because it was once useful

comparative embryology

comparing embryos of different organisms can indicate they may have a shared common ancestor

comparative biochemistry

comparing the molecule makeup of an organism such as proteins or enzymes

evolution

a change in species over time

what can change DNA?

crossing over during meiosis, combination during fertilization, and mutations in DNA

lamarcks theory of acquired characteristics

an organism can pass on characteristics that it acquired during its lifetime to its offspring

use and disuse

things that you gain or disgain doesnt pass on to your offspring

inheritance of acquired traits

traits an organism develops during its lifetime can be passed down to its offspring

charles darwin

an english scientist who proposed a theory on how orgsnidmd change over time

variations

differences among individuals of a species

natural selection

nature picks what characteristics will be successful in able to survive and reproduce

survival of the fittest

the individuals who survive are those who are most adaptable to exist in their enviornment

fitness

the ability for an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific enviornment

adaptions

something produced to adjust to different conditions or uses, or to meet different situations