PSYC 281 Exam 1

Which of the following makes up part of the definition of “abnormal behvaior”?

A. Dysfunction

B. Danger

C. Clinical Significance

D. Statistical Significance

Dysfunction

According to the Ancient Greeks, abnormal behavior was a result of…

A. Witchcraft

B. Defiance of the gods

C. Demonic possession

D. Trephination

Defiance of the gods

(witchcraft - middle ages)

(demonic possession - stone age)

(trephination - “cure” for demonic possession in the stone age)

What is the main goal of psychoanalysis?

A. To undo classical conditioning

B. To gain insight into unconscious conflicts

C. To challenge cognitive distortions

D. To free demonic spirits from the mind

To gain insight into unconscious conflicts

Who was John Watson?

A. Inventor of “animal magnetism”

B. Discovered the neuron

C. Father of psychoanalysis

D. Father of behaviorism

Father of behaviorism

You are superstitious. When you’re watching a football game, anytime anyone says anything that might “jinx” the outcome, you knock on wood to alleviate your anxiety. This is an example of:

A. Positive Punishment

B. Positive Reinforcement

C. Negative Reinforcement

D. Negative Punishment

Negative Reinforcement

Vicarious conditioning is:

A. Learning through observation

B. Being punished for someone else’s behavior

C. Conditioning someone to be afraid of something

Learning through observation

Which of the following is NOT part of the diathesis-stress model?

A. Biological and psychological vulnerabilities

B. Environmental stressors

C. Drug and alcohol use

D. Distress and dysfunction

Drug and alcohol use

Most drugs used to treat mental health disorders target:

A. Neurotransmitters

B. Astrocytes

C. Glial cells

D. Neurons

Neurotransmitters

Translational research combines:

A. Cognitive and behavioral psychology

B. Basic research and applied research

C. Biological and psychological perspectives

D. Correlational and experimental research

Basic research and applied research

Which of the following is NOT part of the peripheral nervous sytsem?

A. The somatic nervous system

B. The autonomic nervous system

C. The parasympathetic nervous sytsem

D. The spinal cord

The spinal cord

What are the temporal lobes primarily responsible for?

A. Auditory information

B. Visual information

C. Movement

D. Planning ahead

Auditory information

In order for a message to be sent from neuron to neuron, ____ have to enter into the synapse.

A. Calcium ions

B. Neurotransmitters

C. Dendrites

D. Axons

Neurotransmitters

You are conducting an experiment with one participant. Which type of research design does this best describe?

A. Case study

B. Correlation

C. Single-case

D. Experimental

Single-case

In experimental research, the control group is typically the group who:

A. Gets the treatment

B. Does not get the treatment

Does not get the treatment

You want to conduct a study to see how much sleep affects exam score. You divide your participants into 2 groups: one group that gets less than 4 hours of sleep, and another who gets 8. You examine the difference in their exam scores. What is the independent variable?

A. Amount of sleep

B. Exam score

C. Amount of time spent studying

D. Attendance

Amount of sleep

Clinical significance happens when:

A. a p value of < 0.05

B. A meaningful and observable difference in the person’s performance

C. The researcher can make a casual statement about the psychological treatment

A meaningful and observable difference in the person’s performance

Internal validity refers to:

A. Whether the IV caused changes to the DV

B. Whether the study results are generalizable

C. Whether the assessment is measuring the right thing

D. Whether the results are consistent

Whether the IV caused changes to the DV

In clinical assessments, the screener’s ability to detect a disorder when it is actually present refers to:

A. Specificity

B. Sensitivity

Sensitivity

Which of the following is NOT a psychometric property of assessment?

A. Reliability

B. Validity

C. Standardization

D. Generalizability

Generalizability

The Rorschach Inkblot Test is a:

A. Personality test

B. Projective test

C. Cognitive assessment test

D. Biological assessment test

Projective test

Reliability of a measure refers to:

A. Whether it’s measuring what it’s supposed to

B. Whether the answers are consistent

C. The ability of a measure to predict future behavior

Whether the answers are consistent

The first step of any assessment is to:

A. Diagnose the disorder

B. Create a treatment plan

C. Categorize the symptoms

D. Answer the referral question

Answer the referral question

Comorbidity refers to:

A. The likelihood of an individual to die from a disorder

B. The presence of multiple different symptoms

C. When an individual has more than one disorder at the same time

D. When a clinician has to determine the likelihood of the presence of one disorder over another

When an individual has more than one disorder at the same time

Jeff is trying to quit smoking. To help him with this, his therapist has him keep record of specific times of the day that he experiences the strongest cravings and has him take notes about the things that immediately come before these cravings. What type of assessment is this?

A. Psychometric assessment

B. Projective test

C. Self-monitoring

D. Physiological assessment

Self-monitoring

Anxiety is a(n):

A. Past-oriented response

B. Future-oriented response

C. Fear response

D. Escape behavior

Future-oriented response

Which of the following is NOT one of the elements of anxiety?

A. Physical symptoms

B. Cognitive symptoms

C. Escape and/or avoidance behaviors

D. Biological symptoms

Biological symptoms

Panic attacks become a panic disorder when:

A. The individual is afraid another attack will happen

B. The individual has recurrent unexpected attacks

C. The individual changes their behavior to avoid attacks

D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is an element of the “fear of fear” model?

A. Hypervigilance

B. Catastrophic misinterpretation of physical symptoms

C. Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system

D. A and B

E. All of the above

A and B

Candice has been skipping class because she feels anxious. Her professor will sometimes call on her even when her hand isn’t raised. She often feels like her classmates are judging her for her answers. Candice most likely has:

A. Generalized Anxiety Disorder

B. Selective Mutism

C. Social Anxiety Disorder

D. Panic Disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder

Which of the following specific phobias activates the parasympathetic nervous system?

A. Animal

B. Situational

C. Blood-injection-injury

D. Natural

Blood-injection-injury

Kevin considers his apartment to be his safe space. He usually doesn’t like leaving it unless he absolutely has to because it makes him feel nervous and unsafe. If he does leave his apartment, most of the time he will have to take a friend with him. Kevin most likely has…

A. Generalized Anxiety Disorder

B. Agoraphobia

C. Social Anxiety Disorder

D. PTSD

Agoraphobia

Michael is anxious about his own safety, frequently worrying about whether he left his apartment door unlocked. To alleviate this anxiety, he locks and unlocks his door 5 times in a row. The compulsion in this example is:

A. Worrying about leaving his apartment unlocked

B. Locking and unlocking his door 5 times

Locking and unlocking his door 5 times

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways trichotillomania is different from OCD?

A. Trichotillomania always occurs with focused awareness

B. Trichotillomania can be triggered by a variety of moods

C. Hair pulling can result in feelings of satisfaction / pleasure

D. Sensory stimuli are important for hair pulling

Trichotillomania can be triggered by a variety of moods

Samantha spends a lot of time in front of the mirror hyper-fixating on what she sees as “imperfections.” She thinks these imperfections make her look ugly and unattractive. Samantha most likely has:

A. OCD

B. Excoriation Disorder

C. Body Dysmorphic Disorder

D. Trichotillomania

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Which of the following neurotransmitters has NOT been associated with OCD and OCRDs?

A. Serotonin

B. Glutamate

C. Dopamine

D. Oxytocin

Oxytocin

Gigi is taking therapy to treat her symptoms of OCD. During treatment, her therapist makes her engage in things that cause her anxiety (related to her obsessions), but doesn’t allow her to engage in her compulsions to alleviate that anxiety. What type of therapy is this?

A. Acceptance and commitment

B. Exposure and response prevention

C. Cognitive behavioral therapy

D. Psychoanalytic therapy

Exposure and response prevention

Impulse control disorders are typically considered to be more ___ than OCD.

A. Psychological

B. Addictive

C. Resistant to treatment

D. Serious

Addictive

Which of the following drugs are commonly used to treat OCD and OCRDs, as well as anxiety disorders?

A. SSRIs (Prozac, Zoloft)

B. Antipsychotics (Haloperidol, Olanzapine)

C. Opioids (Oxycontin, Hydrocodone)

D. All of the above

SSRIs (Prozac, Zoloft)

Jasmine has obsessive thoughts about being aggressive towards people she loves. She’s afraid that thinking these things will make her more likely to do them. Which belief domain does this refer to?

A. Thought-action fusion

B. Overimportance of thoughts

C. Overestimation of threat

D. Inflated personal responsibility

Thought-action fusion

Pyromania is characterized by ____, whereas kleptomania is characterized by ____.

A. Stealing; setting fires

B. Setting fires; stealing

C. Skin-picking; hair-pulling

D. Hair-pulling; skin picking

Setting fires; stealing

Abnormal behavior

dysfunction and emotional distress

Witchcraft

middle ages

demonic possession

stone age

trephination

“cure” for demonic possession in the stone age

inventor of “animal magnetism”

mesmer, placebo effect

father of psychoanalysis

freud

visual information

occipital lobes

movement

cerebellum

planning ahead

frontal lobe

single-case designs

an experiment wiht 1 person

case study

not an experiment, can have just 1 person or a few

whether the study results are generalized

external validity

whether the assessment is measuring the right thing / what it’s supposed to

validity

whether the results are consistent

reliability

Specificity

when the screener doesn’t detect a disorder that’s not there

the ability of a measure to predict future behavior

predictive validity

when a clinician has to determine the likelihood of the presence of one disorder over another

differential diagnosis

skin-picking

excoriation

hair-pulling

trichotollomania