kinetic, potential, and chemical energy

potential energy

• stored energy

• depending on where it is located

• how it relates to other objects around it

• the energy of position 

• energy increases based on height and position

• not moving

types of potential energy

• electrical potential

• nuclear energy

• chemical energy

• elastic energy

• battery

• gravitational energy

kinetic energy

• energy of motion

• energy something has due to motion

• increases as motion increases

types of kinetic energy

• radiant energy (light)

• thermal energy

• sound energy

• electricity

• mechanical energy

• magnetic energy

batteries

• form of electrical potential energy

• produce electrical energy

• chemical reaction when positive and negative charges seperate

nuclear energy

• energy released during nuclear fusion

• energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

Elastic energy

energy stored in objects that are stretched

gravitational energy

• energy stored in an object above the earth’s surface

• energy an object has due to position in a gravitational field

radiant energy

• kinetic energy

• energy of electromagnetic waves that can travel through space

• ex: visible light

Thermal energy

• energy made when atoms and molecules are moving faster

• move fast because of the rise in temperature

sound energy

energy is released by vibrating objects in the form of a wave

electricity

charged particles travel through a wire

mechanical energy

energy of objects in motion

magnetic energy

energy causing push and pull

chemical energy

• energy stored in compounds, elements, food, and fuel

• potential energy

object descending

• more potential energy the higher it is

• can interact with other objects (reduces kinetic energy by converting to other energy types)

• potential energy becomes kinetic

bond breaking

• requires energy

• unstable

• chemical reaction

bond making

• releases energy

• stable

• chemical reaction

bonds being stable

Same amount of energy must be put into these bonds to break them again

photosynthesis

• 6 H₂O_(l) + 6 CO_2(g) + energy → C₆H₁₂O_6(s) + 6 O_2(g)

• reactants: 6 H₂O_(l) + 6 CO_2(g)

• products: C₆H₁₂O_6(s) + 6 O_2(g)

• Endothermic, products have more energy than the reactants

• energy needed comes from the sun

cellular respiration

• C₆H₁₂O_6(s) + 6 O_2(g) → 6 H₂O_(l) + 6 CO_2(g) + energy

• reactants: C₆H₁₂O_6(s) + 6 O_2(g)

• products: 6 H₂O_(l) + 6 CO_2(g)

• Exothermic, reactants have more energy than the products

• energy needed from the sun

• excess energy converted into ATP to power the organism

combustion of octane/gasoline

• 2 C₈H_18(l) + 25 O_2(g) → 16 CO_2(g) + 18 H₂O_(g) + energy

• reactants: 2 C₈H_18(l) + 25 O_2(g)

• products: 16 CO_2(g) + 18 H₂O_(g)

• Exothermic: reactants have more energy than the products

• energy needed from the sun

• excess energy converted to heat and light energy