kinetic, potential, and chemical energy

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22 Terms

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potential energy

  • stored energy

  • depending on where it is located

  • how it relates to other objects around it

  • the energy of position 

  • energy increases based on height and position

  • not moving

2
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types of potential energy

  • electrical potential

  • nuclear energy

  • chemical energy

  • elastic energy

  • battery

  • gravitational energy

3
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kinetic energy

  • energy of motion

  • energy something has due to motion

  • increases as motion increases

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types of kinetic energy

  • radiant energy (light)

  • thermal energy

  • sound energy

  • electricity

  • mechanical energy

  • magnetic energy

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batteries

  • form of electrical potential energy

  • produce electrical energy

  • chemical reaction when positive and negative charges seperate

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nuclear energy

  • energy released during nuclear fusion

  • energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

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Elastic energy

energy stored in objects that are stretched

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gravitational energy

  • energy stored in an object above the earth’s surface

  • energy an object has due to position in a gravitational field

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radiant energy

  • kinetic energy

  • energy of electromagnetic waves that can travel through space

  • ex: visible light

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Thermal energy

  • energy made when atoms and molecules are moving faster

  • move fast because of the rise in temperature

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sound energy

energy is released by vibrating objects in the form of a wave

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electricity

charged particles travel through a wire

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mechanical energy

energy of objects in motion

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magnetic energy

energy causing push and pull

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chemical energy

  • energy stored in compounds, elements, food, and fuel

  • potential energy

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object descending

  • more potential energy the higher it is

  • can interact with other objects (reduces kinetic energy by converting to other energy types)

  • potential energy becomes kinetic

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bond breaking

  • requires energy

  • unstable

  • chemical reaction

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bond making

  • releases energy

  • stable

  • chemical reaction

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bonds being stable

Same amount of energy must be put into these bonds to break them again

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photosynthesis

  • 6 H2O(l) + 6 CO2(g) + energy → C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g)

  • reactants: 6 H2O(l) + 6 CO2(g)

  • products: C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g)

  • Endothermic, products have more energy than the reactants

  • energy needed comes from the sun

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cellular respiration

  • C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g) → 6 H2O(l) + 6 CO2(g) + energy

  • reactants: C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g)

  • products: 6 H2O(l) + 6 CO2(g)

  • Exothermic, reactants have more energy than the products

  • energy needed from the sun

  • excess energy converted into ATP to power the organism

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combustion of octane/gasoline

  • 2 C8H18(l) + 25 O2(g) → 16 CO2(g) + 18 H2O(g) + energy

  • reactants: 2 C8H18(l) + 25 O2(g)

  • products: 16 CO2(g) + 18 H2O(g)

  • Exothermic: reactants have more energy than the products

  • energy needed from the sun

  • excess energy converted to heat and light energy

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