chapter 21 vocab

radiolucent

black, air

radiodense/radiopaque

white pattern, solid, fluid

infiltrate

ill-defined radiodensity

consolidation

solid white area

hyperlucency

extra pulmonary air

vascular markings

lymphatics, vessels, lung tissues

diffuse

spread throughout

opaque

fluid, solid

pulmonary edema

obstructive

pulmonary edema terminology

fluffy infiltrates, butterfly pattern, batwing pattern

pulmonary edema description

diffuse, whiteness, infiltrate in shape of butterfly

pulmonary edema treatment

diuretics, digitalis, digoxin

pulmonary edema patient

fluid overload, CHF, vascular congestion

atelectasis

obstructive

atelectasis terminology

patchy infiltrates, platelike infiltrates, crowded pulmonary vessels, crowded air bronchograms

atelectasis description

scattered densities, thin layered densities

atelectasis treatment

lung expansion therapy, IPPB/PRRP/CPAP/SMI

atelectasis patient

surgery

ARDS/IRDS, Covid-19

restrictive

ARDS/IRDS, Covid-19 terminology

ground glass appearance, honeycomb pattern, diffuse bilateral radiopacity

ARDS/IRDS, Covid-19 description

reticulogranular, reiculonodular

ARDS/IRDS, Covid-19 treatment

oxygen, low vt or PIP, cpap/peep

pleural effusion

restrictive

pleural effusion terminology

blunting/obliteration of costophrenic angle, basilar infiltrates with meniscus, concave superior interface/border

pleural effusion description

fluid level on affected side, possible mediastinal shift to unaffected side

pleural effusion treatment

thoracentesis, chest tube, antibiotics, steroids

pneumonia

obstructive/restrictive

pneumonia terminology

air bronchogram

pneumonia description

increased density from consolidation and atelectasis

pneumonia treatment

antibiotics

pneumonia patient

viral/bacterial

pulmonary embolus

restrictive

pulmonary embolus terminology

peripheral wedge-shaped infiltrate

pulmonary embolus description

may be normal

pulmonary embolus treatment

heparin, streptokinase

tuberculosis

restrictive

tuberculosis termiology

cavity formation

tuberculosis description

often in upper lobes

tuberculosis treatment

antitubercular agents

pneumothorax (air)

bad side up, good side down

pleural effusion (fluid)

bad side down, good side up

pleural effusion =

hydrothorax

hemothorax

blood in the pleural space

air bronchogram -

air filled bronchi

purpose of x-rays

to see disease, infiltrates, proper tube placement, if treatment is working

indications for x-rays

et tube placement after intubation, verify disease, therapy or treatment, trach placement, check for improvement, confirm signs and symptoms, diminished/absent breath sounds, trauma

four tissue densities

air, fat, soft tissues, bone

PA chest film:

X-ray beam passes from posterior to anterior (PA),
with film placed against patient’s chest

Ap chest film:

X-ray source is in front of patient and film is behind
patient

lateral views

used to verify pleural effusion, or fluid with diminished breath sounds

epiglottitis and croup

cool aerosol, racemic, systemic steroids

“steeple” neck x-ray

epiglottis

“thumb” neck x-ray

croup

ct scan indications

want to see more indepth

ultrasound

pneumos and pleural effusion, a-line placement