organic compounds

Breaking down complex molecules by the addition of water; making monomers

hydrolysis

A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule; making of polymers

dehydration synthesis

A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing

enzyme

Energy needed to get a reaction started

activation energy

When an enzyme binds to its substrate, it forms:

enzyme-substrate complex

fats that are solid at room temperature; has only single bonds

saturated fats

liquid at room temperature; has at least one double bond

unsaturated fats

loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or low pH

denaturation

macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

lipid

lipid structure

protein structure

sugar compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body

carbohydrate

carbohydrate structure

macromolecule that contains genetic information

nucleic acid

nucleic acid structure

nucleotide

the monomer of nucleic acid

amino acid

monomer of protein

fatty acid

monomer of lipid

monosaccharide (simple sugar)

monomer of a carbnohydrate

simple sugars

monosaccharides

sugar, carbohydrate

words that end in -ose

examples of carbohydrates

Starches, sugars, grains and chitin (bread, pasta, potatoes and rice)

examples of protein

meat, nuts, eggs

example of lipids

butter, oil waxes

long term energy storage and insulation

functions of lipids

Hormones, transport molecules, enzymes, antibodies (immune system)

functions of proteins

quick energy + structure

functions of carbohydrates

store genetic information

function of nucleic acids