Colonies Become New Nations

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and figures related to the emergence of new nations from colonial rule as detailed in the lecture notes.

Mahatma Gandhi

Leader of the Indian independence movement known for his nonviolent civil disobedience.

Amritsar Massacre

A tragic event in 1919 where British troops fired on unarmed Indian protesters, igniting nationalistic fervor.

Rowlatt Acts

British laws that allowed for the arrest of Indian protesters without trial, leading to widespread anger.

Satyagraha

Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolent resistance to promote social change.

Independence

The state of being free from control by another country, particularly concerning newly formed nations.

Partition

The division of British India into two independent dominions, India and Pakistan, in 1947.

Negritude movement

A cultural movement among African and Caribbean intellectuals celebrating African heritage.

Jomo Kenyatta

Leader of the Kenyan independence movement and first president of Kenya.

Camp David Accords

1978 agreement between Egypt and Israel facilitated by U.S. President Jimmy Carter, leading to Egypt recognizing Israel.

PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)

A group formed in 1964 to promote the formation of an Arab Palestinian state and initially of various groups including guerrilla fighters.

Taliban

Islamic fundamentalist group that ruled Afghanistan and imposed strict interpretations of Sharia law.

Civil Disobedience

A nonviolent, public refusal to obey laws considered unjust.

East Pakistan

Formerly part of Pakistan, it achieved independence as Bangladesh after a civil war in 1971.

Buddhism

A religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha), significant in several Southeast Asian cultures.

Suez Canal

A man-made waterway in Egypt that is vital for international shipping and trade.

Muslim League

Political group that advocated for the rights of Muslims in British India and later led to the creation of Pakistan.

African Nationalism

A movement striving for independence and self-governance in African nations, particularly post-World War II.

Indira Gandhi

First and only female Prime Minister of India, known for her centralizing policies and political controversies.

Islamic fundamentalism

A movement that seeks to return to the foundational principles of Islam and resist modern interpretations.

Kwame Nkrumah

Leader of Ghana who fought for independence from Britain and promoted Pan-Africanism.

Satyagraha

Meaning 'truth force'; Gandhi's method of nonviolent resistance.

Algerian War of Independence

Conflict between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front from 1954 to 1962, leading to Algeria's independence.

Blood Diamonds

Diamonds mined in war zones and sold to finance armed conflict.

Yitzhak Rabin

Israeli Prime Minister who signed the Oslo Accords, aiming for peace with Palestinians.

Benazir Bhutto

First woman to head a democratic government in a Muslim-majority country, serving as Prime Minister of Pakistan.

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests of a particular nation, often leading to the desire for an independent nation-state.

Myanmar (Burma)

A Southeast Asian nation previously ruled by a military dictatorship, with significant political reforms beginning around 2010.

Socialism

Political and economic theory advocating for community or state ownership of the means of production.

feminism

A movement for advocating women's rights and equality.

Kashmir Conflict

Dispute between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region, leading to military engagements and ongoing tensions.

Intifada

A Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation in the late 20th century.

Apartheid

A system of institutionalized racial segregation that existed in South Africa until the 1990s.

Palestinian Authority

An interim self-government body established to govern parts of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

Ferdinand Marcos

Former President of the Philippines, known for declaring martial law and allegations of corruption.

Corazón Aquino

The first female President of the Philippines, known for leading the People Power Revolution.

Mobutu Sese Seko

Dictator of Zaire (now Democratic Republic of Congo) who ruled from 1965 until he was ousted in 1997.

Mao Zedong

Leader of the Chinese Communist Party who established the People's Republic of China in 1949.