Unit 4: Chemical Reactions

Physical Change vs Chemical Change

Physical changes keep composition (state changes); Chemical changes create new substances (bond breaking/forming)

Net Ionic Equation

Shows only the species participating in the reaction (removes spectator ions)

Stoichiometry Molar Ratio

The coefficients in a balanced equation provide the ratio of moles between reactants and products

Limiting Reactant

The reactant that runs out first and limits the theoretical yield

Percent Yield Formula

{Actual} / {Theoretical}) * 100%

Precipitation Reaction

Two aqueous solutions react to form an insoluble solid (precipitate)

Solubility Rules (Always Soluble)

Sodium Potassium Ammonium and Nitrate salts ({Na}+ { K}+ { NH}4+ { NO}3^

Acid-Base Titration Equivalence Point

The point where moles of {H}+equal moles of {OH}

Oxidation Rules

Free elements = 0; Monatomic ions = charge; Oxygen = -2 (usually); Hydrogen = +1 (with nonmetals)

Redox: Oxidation vs Reduction

Oxidation is loss of electrons; Reduction is gain of electrons (OIL RIG)