anaphy lab 6

Mouth

where ingestion occurs

Teeth

assist in speech

Tongue

manipulates food for chewing and swallowing

Mucus

lubricates and protects the stomach wall

Intrinsic factor

makes vitamin B12 more readily absorbed in the ileum

Hydrochloric acid

kills ingested bacteria

Gastrin

aids in digestion

Histamine

releases stomach acid for digestion

Pepsinogen

precursor to pepsin; helps break down proteins

Gastroesophageal opening (cardiac opening)

opening from the esophagus into the stomach

Lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)

surrounds the cardiac opening

Fundus

superior to the cardiac opening

Body

largest part of the stomach

Pylorus

funnel-shaped part of the stomach

Pyloric antrum

wider part toward the body of the stomach

Pyloric canal

narrow part of the funnel

Pyloric orifice

opening of the pyloric canal to the small intestine

Pyloric sphincter

surrounds the pyloric orifice

Cecum

receives the contents of the ileum

Appendix

a winding tube

Internal anal sphincter

made of smooth muscle; involuntary contractions

External anal sphincter

made of skeletal muscle; voluntary control

Valsalva maneuver

increase of intra-abdominal pressure by contracting diaphragm & abdominal wall muscles

Defecation reflex

contracts the sigmoid colon and rectum

Hepatic artery

delivers oxygenated blood from the heart to the liver

Bile

mixture secreted by the liver for fat digestion

Bilirubin

main bile pigment

Endocrine glands (internal secretion)

produce hormones

Exocrine glands (external secretion)

secrete pancreatic amylase, lipase, and protease