Aviation law chapter 1

Transportation Security Agency (TSA)

The agency responsible for the day-to-day screening of airline passengers, baggage, and cargo.

Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

The federal department that includes the Transportation Security Agency (TSA).

Occupational Safety and Health Act

The act that created OSHA as a federal administrative agency and empowered states to enforce occupational safety and health standards through OSHA-approved state plans.

OSHA-approved state plans

Plans that allow states to take responsibility for enforcing occupational safety and health standards.

Transportation Security Oversight Board (TSOB)

The federal agency responsible for assuring the coordination and sharing of intelligence relating to threats against transportation.

U.S. Customs and Border Protection

The federal agency to which airlines providing international air service to the U.S. must transmit crew and passenger manifests electronically prior to departure.

Open skies agreements

Treaties that give the airlines of signatory nations the right to operate from any point in either country to any point in the other, including Fifth Freedom 'beyond rights' to continue on to other countries.

Fifth Freedom rights

The rights that allow airlines to continue on to (or begin travel from) other countries beyond the signatory nations.

Cabotage rights

Rights that allow airlines to operate within the domestic market of another country, which are not included in open skies agreements.

OSHA

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, a federal agency created to ensure workplace safety and health.

Approved state enforcement plans

Plans that 24 states and 2 territories now have functioning to enforce occupational safety and health standards.

Intelligence sharing

The coordination and sharing of information relating to threats against transportation, overseen by the TSOB.

Screening foreign applicants

The responsibility of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to assess security risks of foreign applicants to U.S. flight schools.

Day-to-day screening

The routine process of checking airline passengers, baggage, and cargo conducted by the TSA.

International air service

Air travel services that operate between countries, subject to regulations such as those enforced by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

Federal agency

A government organization at the national level responsible for specific functions, such as TSA and DHS.

Regulation of workplace safety

The oversight of health and safety conditions in the workplace, which involves both federal and state roles.

Transportation security

The measures and policies in place to protect transportation systems from threats.

Airline manifests

Documents that list the crew and passengers of an airline flight, required to be transmitted electronically to U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

Federal department

A division of the U.S. government responsible for specific areas of public policy, government function, and service delivery.

Screening process

The method used by agencies like TSA to check passengers and cargo for security risks.

Safety and health standards

Regulations established to ensure safe and healthy working conditions, enforced by OSHA and state plans.

National Mediation Board (NMB)

Regulates labor relations for the airlines and other commercial operators, such as 14 CFR Part 135 certificate holders.

National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

Regulates labor relations in the aerospace manufacturing industry and general aviation, except for commercial operators providing air transportation for hire.

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Has the primary responsibility for regulating aviation safety.

NASA

Retains the authority to set safety standards for any spacecraft that carry NASA astronauts or visit NASA destinations, such as the International Space Station (ISS).

U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)

Primarily responsible for preventing terrorists, terrorist weapons, unauthorized persons, illegal drugs, and other contraband from entering the U.S.

Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)

Primarily responsible for identifying, detaining and removing persons already in the U.S. seeking asylum.

FAA Aircraft Registry

The agency where information about aircraft ownership can be found, located at the Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB)

Regulated airline economics (routes served and rates charged) until the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978.

VORS

Operated by the FAA as part of radio aids to air navigation.

Instrument Landing Systems (ILS)

Operated by the FAA as part of radio aids to air navigation.

Microwave Landing Systems (MLS)

Operated by the FAA as part of radio aids to air navigation.

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Operated by the Department of Defense (DOD) as part of radio aids to air navigation.

Commercial Space Transportation

Regulated by the FAA through its Office of Commercial Space Transportation, covering the launch and re-entry of commercially operated spacecraft.

Aircraft Registry

A registry maintained by the FAA that provides information on aircraft ownership.

Aerospace manufacturing

An industry regulated by the NLRB for labor relations.

General aviation

An industry regulated by the NLRB for labor relations, except for commercial operators providing air transportation for hire.

Terrorist weapons prevention

A responsibility of CBP to prevent from entering the U.S.

Unauthorized persons prevention

A responsibility of CBP to prevent from entering the U.S.

Contraband prevention

A responsibility of CBP to prevent from entering the U.S.

Labor relations

The area regulated by the NMB in the airline industry.

NDB

Non-Directional Beacon, a type of radio navigation aid.

ICAO

International Civil Aviation Organization, headquartered in Montreal, Canada.

FAA

Federal Aviation Administration, responsible for regulating civil aviation.

Aeronautical Information Service

Office of the FAA responsible for the production of aeronautical charts.

TSA

Transportation Security Agency, responsible for screening airline passengers, baggage, and cargo.

DHS

Department of Homeland Security, the federal department that includes the TSA.

TSOB

Transportation Security Oversight Board, responsible for coordinating intelligence on transportation threats.

Five freedoms of the air

A set of principles for international air transport rights.

Chicago Conference

A 1944 meeting where nations discussed international aviation agreements.

Propulsion improvements

Enhancements in aircraft engines to increase efficiency and reduce emissions.

Flight deck displays

New technology in cockpits aimed at improving safety.

Advanced metals and composites

Materials used in aviation to improve performance and reduce weight.

Aerodynamic improvements

Enhancements to aircraft design to increase speed and fuel efficiency.

Approved state plans

State-specific plans that allow states to enforce occupational safety standards.

Crew and passenger manifests

Lists of individuals on board an aircraft required to be submitted to customs.

Environmental impacts

Effects of aviation activities on the environment, including noise and emissions.