Fermentation / fructose / galactose

NAD+

____ regeneration is required for glycolysis to run again

Pyruvate, CO2, cellular respiration

NAD+ is regenerated by further oxidation of ____ to _____ w/ OXYGEN

• this is also called ____ ______

Fermentation, ethanol, lactate

NAD+ is regenerated by _____ of ____ or _____ w/o OXYGEN

Fermentation

Anaerobic ATP generating pathways in which electrons are moved from one organic compound to the next

Glucose, 2, ethanol

Alcohol fermentation is ____ to _____ molecules of ____

Glucose, 2, lactate

Lactate fermentation is ____ to _____ molecules of ____

Pyruvate decarboxylase, alcohol dehydrogenase

enzymes in alcohol fermentation

Lactate dehydrogenase

Enzymes in lactate fermentation

Pyruvate decarboxylation, acetaldehyde

Alcohol fermentation step 1

• ____ catalyses the decarboxylation of pyruvate to ______

Alcohol dehydrogenase, ethanol, regenerating

Alcohol fermentation step 2

• ______ reduces acetaldehyde to ____

• This ____ NAD+ for use by GAP dehydrogenase in glycolysis

NADH, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase

Lactic acid fermentation

• ____ can be oxidized by converting pyruvate to ____ in a RXN catalyzed by ____

Rev

Lactate

GAP, DHAP, liver

The creation of ____ and _____ through the fructose 1 phosphate pathways allows it to enter the glycolysis pathway in the ____

Adipose tissue, F6P

Fructose in ____ can enter glycolysis at ____ step

Transferase, epimerase

UDP-glucose is a _____ and _____

UDP-glucose

Galactose-glucose pathway #2

• Glucose-1-phosphate is generated using ____

Reversible

The rxn of G1P to G6P is _____ (delete)

Isn’t

UDP-glucose ___ consumed in the conversion of galactose to glucose

Phosphoglucomutase

Galactose-glucose pathway #3

• G1P is converted into G6P by _______

Galactose-glucose pathway

Galactose is converted into G6P by the ____ pathway

galactose 1 phosphate, Galactokinase

Galactose-glucose pathway #1

• begins with the phosphorylation of galactose to _____ by ______