ANSC- lecture 20- FINAL review of products

Nuflor

• active ingredient- Florenicol

• ANTIBIOTIC used to treat:

  • BRD associated with Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Mycoplasma bovis, Histophilus somni, and for the treatment of foot rot, pneumonia, and metritis 

  • in swine, it is used to treat swine respiratory disease (SRD) associated with several bacteria:

    • salmonella

    • streptococcus

    • bordetella bronchiseptica 

  • Sheep- used after we process the lambs (dock tails and tag ears) SQ injection 

• one of the best all-around antibiotics

• long acting

• IM injection

Excede

• active ingredient- Ceftiofur crystalline free acid

• antibiotic used to treat:

  • in swine- treat SRD: associated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, pasteurella multocida, Histophilus parasuis, and Streptococcus suis

  • erysipelas (bacterial skin infection associated with the upper dermis), atrophic rhinitis, and pneumonia associated with SRD

  • in cows- treats BRD, shipping fever, pneumonia, and foot rot

• IM in pigs

• SQ for cows and horses

• long lasting antibiotic 

100mL= ~$260

Tylan 200

• active ingredient- tylosin

• antiobiotic used to treat:

  • in cows- liver abscesses, pneumonia, foot rot, diphtheria, and metritis

    • diphtheria- bacterial infection affecting upper respiratory tract

    • metritis- inflammation of the uterus caused by bacterial infection

  • in swine- arthritis, pneumonia, erysipelas, and dysentery

    • dysentery- gastrointestinal disease caused by bacteria or parasites that leads to bloody diarrhea

• IM

250mL= ~$56

LA-200, noromycin 300 LA, duramycin 72-200

• active ingredient- oxytetracycline

  • LA=long acting which is 2-3 days

• Broad spectrum antiobiotic can be used for many bacterial infections: pinkeye, BRD, ORD, SRD, anaplasmosis, pneumonia, leptospirosis, chlamydia, mastitis, metritis, erysipelas, and foot rot

IM or SQ injection

• can cause tissue damage at injection site

• used as a prophylaxis

Tylan 200

• Antibiotic used to treat CATTLE and SWINE

• cattle- LIVER ABSCESSES (important for exam), pneumonia, foot rot, diphtheria (bacterial infection involving the upper respiratory system), and metritis (inflammation of the uterus)

• swine- arthritis, pneumonia (alveoli fill with fluid or pus), erysipelas (bacterial skin infection involving the upper dermis), and dysentery (GI disease caused by bacteria or parasites that leads to bloody diarrhea) 

• IM injection

SpectoGard Scour-Chek

• Antibiotic

• used on the piglets that are UNDER FOUR weeks old to treat and control scours (diarrhea, also called porcine enteric colibacillosis that is caused by e. coli)

• Oral drench- use a syringe to get the medication and then drench the piglet to administer the medication

GentaVed 100

• Antibiotic

• used to prevent bacterial infections causing metritis (inflammation of the uterus- causes abnormal vaginal discharge that is typically yellow or brownish red)

• route: dilute solution by use of saline and infuse into the vagina and uterus 

ToDAY, ToMORROW

• Antibiotic

• used to prevent mastitis (inflammation of the mammary tissue caused by a bacterial infection) in SHEEP, GOATS, COWS

• ToDAY should be directly inserted into the teat of the animal (give one half per teat)

Albon

• Antimicrobial

• used to treat shipping fever complex and bacterial pneumonia (alveoli fill with fluid or pus) associated with pasteurella spp. and calf diphtheria (bacterial infection affecting the upper respiratory system) and foot rot associated 

• route: given orally since it is a bolus (large pill) USE A BOLUS GUN TO ADMINISTER MEDICATION

dexamethasone

• Steroid hormone used as an anti-inflammatory drug

• used to treat arthritis (joint issues), acute mastitis (inflammation of the mammary tissue), shipping fever, and pneumonia (alveoli filled with fluid or pus). Can ALSO be used to INDUCE PARTURITION in SHEEP, GOATS, COWS, SWINE

  • cortisol (stress hormone) increases when a fetus is too large for the uterine environment which leads to parturition

  • both the fetus and mother release cortisol when stressed near parturition which eventually causes parturition

  • dexamethanose would mimic the natural cortisol released by the mother and fetus and that would induce parturition. 

  • may need ot use to ABORT a baby if it is too large and could be fatal to the mother

• IV or IM injection

oxytocin

• hormone used to cause muscle contractions

  • release of retained placenta by causing uterine contractions

  • causes milk letdown by causing contractions at the mammary tissues aka myoepithelial cells

  • can also be used to help with contractions during parturition

• oxytocin is naturally released from the posterior pituitary gland when a mother sees, hear, smell,or touch offspring

IV, IM, or SQ

fertagyl

• synthetic hormone- GnRH (gonadotrophin releasing hormone)

• treatment of cystic ovaries

• synchronize estrous cycles to allow for fixed time artificial insemination 

• can be used with estrumate to synchronize females specifically SHEEP, COW, GOATS

IM or IV

cystorelin

• active ingredient- gonadorelin

• synthetic hormone- similar to GnRH

• treatment of ovarian follicular cysts

• sychronize estrous cycles to allow for fixed time artificial insemination in COWS, SHEEP, GOATS

IM injection

estrumate

• SImilar to Lutalyse (analogue of prostaglandinF2 a

• used to synchronize estrous, cause parturition, or cause abortions in SHEEP, GOATS, CATTLE, SWINE

• PGF2a lysis (destroys) the CL which is needed to produce the hormone of pregnancy (progesterone) 

• can also be used to help with retained placentas

• IM injection

lutalyse

• synthetic analouge of prostaglandin F2a 

• can be used to synchronize estrous, cause parturition, or cause abortions in sheep, goats, cattle, swine 

• PGF2a lysis (destroys) the corpus luteum which is needed to produce the hormone of pregnancy=progesterone (P4)

• can be used to help expel retained placentas

IM injection

BO-SE

• active ingredient- Se and vitamin E

• used in sheep, goats, swine, cows to prevent white muscle disease aka nutritional myodegeneration aka selenium-tocopherol deficiency

• signs of White muscle disease: stiff, lame, not able to walk, diarrhea, cardiac arrest, pulmonary distress, unthriftiness

• SQ or IM

GleptoForte

• used in swine to prevent anemia due to low storage levels of iron, rapid growth, and low levels of iron in colostrum/milk

• anemia causes ill thrift aka wasting in piglets

  • piglets look pale and accumulate fluid around the throat, brisket and internal body spaces

  • scouring is common

IM injection

Super B complex

• active ingredients- Thiamine hydrochloride (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride (B6), d-panthenol, and cyanocobalamin (B12)

• used in sheep, goats, cows, pigs to prevent vitamin B deficiency

• deficiencies can cause: poor growth, poor appetite, poor coat condition. can cause ANEMIA- low RBC production can cause weakness and lethargy. Neurological symptoms like low B1; thiamine such as staggering, circling, hear pressing, convulsions

• IV or SQ

Thiamine Hydrochloride

• active ingredient- thiamine hydrochloride (vit b1)

• used in SHEEP, GOATS, CATTLE

• prevents thiamine deficiency which can cause polioencephomalacia (PEM)

• polioencephomalace signs: muscle twitching, head pressing, seizures, paddling (legs thrashing back and forth on the ground) while the head is pressed back against spine

• signs are usually displayed 1-6 days before death. can also occur within 24-48 hours

• IM or IV injections

what do the different colors mean?

whats on each card?

• orange= antibiotics

• blue= hormone

• green= vitamin or mineral supplement

• yellow= NSAID

• purple= Antiseptic

• grey= other

Whats on the cards:

• active ingredients

• what does it treat?

• the route its given

Meloxicam

• NSAID 

• used to help reduce pain and inflammation

• can be given to kids during disbudding or to lambs and kids when band castrating

ORALLY given in the form of a small tablet (use a small pill gun)

Vetameg, prevail

• active ingredient- flunixin meglumine

• used as a pain reliever, NSAID, and anti-pyretic drug

  • pyrexia, also called hyperthermia= fever

• used to control pyrexia associated with BRD, acute bovine mastitis and inflammtion in endotoxemia (endotoxins in the blood)

IM or IV injection

Banamine transdermal

• active ingredient- flunixin 

• NSAID

• using pour-on application to reduce pyrexia and pain in cattle caused by BRD or acute mastitis and relieve pain due to foot rot- reduces inflammation

• POUR ON

Blu-kote

• antiseptic, germicidal, fungicidal

• dries quickly

• used on wounds, abrasions, and to treat ringworm

• can be used to dry up pus-secreting sores, blisters, and lesions

• spray directly to affected area

Scarlet oil

• used as a topical antiseptic for use as an aid in the treatment of cuts, wounds, abrasions, or burns

• DOES NOT DRY

• spray directly to the affected area

Betagen topical spray

• betamethasone- anti inflammatory (corticosteroid) that reduces swelling, redness, and itching

• gentamicin- antibiotic

• labeled to be used on dogs ONLY

• off-label can be used on minor cuts, abrasions, to reduce itching

Hoof’n heel

• active ingredient- zinc sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate

• used in sheep, goats, cows to treat foot rot

• administer directly to affected area until saturated or soak hoof

• administer twice daily 

Kopertox

• labeled to be used to treat thrush in horses- bacterial infection that affects a horses hoof

• used as a fungicide, antiseptic, and astringent= shrinks or constricts tissue

• used in sheep, goats, pigs, cows to treat foot rot

• also treats cracked hooves, ringworm, and wounds’

• apply directly to the area

• foot rot- can soak the hoof in solution for about 5 mins for several days until the foot is healthy 

Blood stop powder

• topical antiseptic that stops bleeding

• put powder on area that is bleeding but it CANNOT stop major bleeding 

CORID

• used to treat COCCIDIOSIS (parasitic disease caused by protozoa- single cell organism acts as a parasite living in the host)

• stressors: weaning, transport, overcrowding can increase the chance of animals getting coccidiosis

• corid may be used a prophylaxis treatment during these periods to reduce the risk of infection

• add corid to water and only allow animals to drink medicated water for up to 5 days

• TRANSMISSION: ingestion of oocysts from contaminated bedding (birds carry coccidia that poop in water or feed can transfer oocysts)

• common signs: diarrhea, dehydration, weakness, loss of appetite, rough coat, and weight loss

Probios

• supplement that contains live, naturally occuring microorganisms that help maintain normal appetite, ideal gut pH and normal digestion when given during or after times of stress

• probiotic

ORALLY given in the form of a large pill (BOLUS)

Lidocaine

• active ingredient- lidocaine

• local anesthetic that prevents pain by blocking singals at nerve endings

• injecte into the area that needs to be numb

• can be injected as SQ or IM can be aimed at nerves to prevent pain in localized area

ALUSPRAY

• aerosol bandage- aluminum powder

• forms a protective water resistant barrier over minor wounds, burns, abrasions, and cuts

• spray directly to affected area

IM v/s SQ injections

Acquiring antibiotics

•Some products listed on the ppt. you can buy yourself, except for antibiotics (and hormones)

•As of the summer 2023, you need a veterinarian prescription to buy antibiotics

•Can still find antibiotics in most feed stores (Tractor supply company, etc.) but need a vet prescription

•After learning about all these products, you can narrow down what can be used and consult a veterinarian if you need an antibiotic

scenario 1:

• you have a pen of cattle that recently arrived and are showing signs of shipping fever (part of BRD) and PNEUMONIA. you also notice some animals have FOOT ROT. you need something long acting to treat the whole group. what product and what route should you use?

Use nuflor!

• IM 

A group of pigs are experiencing a severe outbreak of SRD. you need a long lasting antibiotic. what should you use and what route?

excede