US History - The Second Great Awakening

Test Tuesday - 2/13

What are the qualities of a revivalist preacher?  

strong characteristics to capture the attention of people searching for a new religion. they were enthusiastic and compassionate about the topics they were conveying

Supporters of public schools made arguments based upon

economic realities

The Second Great Awakening inspired people to work on a variety of

social reforms

Where did the Mormons eventually settle?

Salt Lake Utah

1800 governments and laws were most likely to favor the

protestant religion

Where did the Transcendentalists get their inspiration? Physical buildings like churches or someplace else? 

They found their inspiration in nature and self conciense

Read and analyze this passage from Henry David Thoreau:

“I ask for, not at once no government, but at once a better government. . . . .Can there not be a government in which the majorities do not virtually decide right and wrong, but conscience?--in which majorities decide only those questions to which the rule of expediency is applicable? Must the citizen ever for a moment, or in the least degree, resign his conscience to the legislator?  Why has every man a conscience then? I think that we should be men first, and subjects afterward. . . . .”

He calls for a limited government that allows men to use their conscience. Just because you are a politician does not mean that you are always right.

Why did many northerners support the continuation of slavery? (Think about how poor factory workers would feel.)

They believed that slavery was vital to the economy. They also feared that African Americans were going to take their jobs, they didn't want competitors.

Women became active in reform movements after the Second Great Awakening, what did they expect to do (Where was their place in society?) before the movement began?

Before the movement began, women tried fighting for their rights but were always in the shadows and had many laws that kept them from having a voice or significant place in society.

The growth of industry in the north made it possible for women to find jobs where?

Factories and Mills

Explain why the Seneca Falls Convention was important.

Seneca Falls sparked the want and urge for many women around the country to begin fighting for equal rights.

The Decleration of Sentiments was passed. This was huge at the time

Read and analyze the passage from Horace Mann.

“Education then, beyond all other devices of human origin, is a great equalizer of the conditions of men,—the balance wheel of the social machinery. I do not here mean that it so elevates the moral nature as to make men disdain and abhor the oppression of the fellow men. The idea pertains to another of its attributes. But I mean that it gives each man the independence and how he can resist the selfishness of other men. It does better than to disarm the poor of their hostility toward the rich: it prevents being poor.”

• Education is a tool for creating equality among people and serves as a balancing force. Education is not just about elevating moral values but also about providing individuals with the ability to resist the selfish actions of others.

Define the term despotism.

The use of absolute power, in a cruel/oppressive way

Who paid for public schools?

Tax Payers whom paid the state.

Who could attend public school?

Most children

Who was the reformer associated with prison reform?

Dorthea Dix

Which movement was based on the idea of moderation

Temperance Movement

 Daily life for slaves, duration of work

Brutal overseers enforced work routines including, whipping, maiming, and beatings. They cooked brought goods on and off ships, and worked in the field. Often basics for survival were not provided (food, clothing, and shelter). Worked 8-14 hours

The goal of the American Colonization Society.

Encourage slaves to return to Africa

The Liberator (Garrison’s newspaper) appealed to readers what?

compassion and moral righteousness

Southerners argued that slave labor was superior because

slaves and slaveholders depended on one another

The legal tradition that kept women owning property came from where? (country of origin)

Married Women’s Property Act

Women’s movement began when they saw parallels between

their status and that of the enslaved.

Mott and Stanton helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention because they were not allowed to attend… (a meeting…what type?)

Anti - Slavery Convention

What did the Gag Rule do?

Prohibited debate or discussion on slavery in Congress

Read and analyze the following words from Elizabeth Cady Stanton,

 “Having decided to petition for a redress of grievances, the question is for what shall you first petition? For the exercise of your right to the elective franchise—nothing short of this. The grant to you of this right will secure all others, and the granting of every other right, whilst this is denied, is a mockery. For instance: What is the right to property, without the right to protect it?”

Highlights and questions the rights that women did not have Rights to vote and own property. The fact of these rights being denied is “mockery”

public school movement

movement aimed at providing greater educational opportunities through the establishment of tax supported public schools

Horace Mann

Massachusetts senator and leader of the public school movement who championed the creation of the first state board of education

Dorothea Dix

reformer who succeeded in improving how society treats the mentally ill

penitentiary movement

movement aimed at structuring prisons so that prisoners would feel sorry for their crimes

temperance movement

movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problems created by it

Neal Dow

mayor of Portland, Maine, who secured passage of “Maine Laws” restricting the sale of alcohol

what did Horace Mann call for in public schools?

state oversight of local schools.

standardized school calendars

mandatory attendance

elimination of corporal punishments

creation of body of well - educated teachers

What were the main features of the public school, penitentiary, and temperance reform movements?

They felt empowered to help the disadvantaged. Leaders preached to improve life on earth.

Who opposed the public school movement?

Reluctant taxpayers and those who wanted religion taught in public schools.

Catherine Beecher and Emma Willard

established schools for women in Connecticut, Ohio, and New York.

Elizabeth Blackwell and Ann Preston

established medical training for women in the 1850s

Two types of penitentiaries

Pennsylvania System - prisoners lived in solitary confinement. This was costly and ultimately seen as cruel.

Auburn Model, prisoners worked together silently by day but slept in individual cells at night.

Maine Laws

laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol, in honor of Neal Dow of Portland, who lectured widely on the evils of alcohol abuse

What was the great awakening? What were the reform movements?

Protestant religious revival that Started in New York. School Reform health and mentally ill reform better working conditions abolition and contemperance

Nat Turner

Led a virginia slave revolt in 1831 that killed nearly 60 people before he and his followers were caught and executed

Freedman

a farmer or freed slave

abolition movement

Reform movement for the abolition or end of slavery

frederick douglass

Escaped slave who spoke passionately about his experiences, also published in his autobiography Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass

Describe the lives of enslaved African Americans and how did they cope

Brutal overseers enforced work routines with whipping, maiming, and beatings. They cooked, brought goods on and off ships, and worked in the field. Often, the basics for survival, including clothing, food, and shelter, were barely provided.

Identify the leaders and tactics of the abolition movement

William Garrison used dramatic language to attract readers and convince them that slavery was morally wrong. Abolitionists used public confrontation.

Baltimore Quaker, Benjamin Lundy, printed the first antislavery newspaper.

People joined society and formed groups

Slave revolts

Summarize the opposition to abolition

They were an important part of the economy and they relied on them for income.

• white workers feared that freedmen were going to take their jobs

• Northern businessmen resented black competitors

• factory owners worried about the loss of southern cotton for their mills

• Most in the North disliked Southerners, but did not care to fight over slavery

when is black history month

february

when is womens history month

march