Brain and Behavior Review

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and facts from the lecture on Brain and Behavior, highlighting network neuroscience, neuron functions, brain tissue, and key principles in the study of neuroscience.

What is network neuroscience?

Network neuroscience encompasses the study of different networks across various spatial and temporal scales, bridging information from genes to neurons, and asking how interconnectivity in the CNS drives behavior.

Which types of cells are the primary communicators in the brain?

Neurons are the primary cells responsible for communication and processing information within the brain.

What is the main function of neuroglia?

Neuroglia, or glial cells, support and protect neurons in the brain.

What is the weight of the average human brain?

The weight of the human brain is about 3 lbs.

How many neurons are approximately in the human brain?

The human brain consists of about 100 billion neurons.

What are the two major classes of brain tissue?

Gray matter and white matter.

What distinguishes gray matter from white matter in the brain?

Gray matter consists mostly of unmyelinated neurons, while white matter is composed mainly of myelinated neurons.

Describe the role of myelinated neurons in the brain.

Myelinated neurons transmit nerve signals faster by connecting regions of gray matter and acting as the information highway of the brain.

What is Long-term Potentiation (LTP)?

LTP is a lasting enhancement in synaptic strength following high-frequency stimulation of a synapse, significant for learning and memory.

What was Donald Hebb’s famous rule regarding neuron connections?

'Neurons that fire together, wire together,' meaning that simultaneous activation strengthens the connection between two neurons.

What happens to NMDA receptors when the postsynaptic membrane is depolarized?

Magnesium ions blocking the NMDA receptors are dislodged, allowing Na+ and Ca++ ions to flow through when glutamate binds, leading to increased synaptic strength.

What is the main challenge of neuroscience?

The ultimate challenge of neuroscience is understanding the biological basis of learning, memory, behavior, perception, and consciousness.

How are the neurons structured for processing information?

Neurons have functional zones: Input (dendrites and soma), Integration (axon hillock), Conduction (axon), and Output (presynaptic terminal).