APUSH period 4

What significant political change began with Thomas Jefferson's presidency in 1800?

It marked the first Democratic-Republican presidency, contrasting with the previous Federalist era.

What was the Louisiana Purchase?

A significant land acquisition from France that facilitated westward expansion and Native American conflicts.

How did Thomas Jefferson's actions during the Louisiana Purchase contradict his beliefs?

He used broad powers to purchase the land without consulting Congress, despite advocating for a strict interpretation of the Constitution.

What was the Embargo Act of 1807?

A law that cut off all trade due to British and French impressment and harassment, leading to economic changes.

What was the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809?

It reopened trade with all nations except Britain and France.

What was the outcome of Macon's Bill No. 2?

It reopened trade with Britain and France but was violated by the British, increasing pro-war sentiment and leading to the War of 1812.

What was the Treaty of Ghent?

The treaty that ended the War of 1812 in a truce with no clear victory.

What was the Hartford Convention?

A meeting of Federalists planning to secede during the War of 1812, which resulted in the party's loss of credibility.

What characterized the Era of Good Feelings during James Monroe's presidency?

A period of political peace with no opposing political party.

What is Judicial Review?

The Supreme Court's authority to review the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress, established during Monroe's presidency.

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

A declaration that European colonies were no longer allowed in the Americas, asserting U.S. influence in the Western Hemisphere.

What did the Missouri Compromise establish?

A line (36°30°) that prohibited slavery above it, with Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

What was the Corrupt Bargain of 1824?

An agreement between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay that allowed Adams to win the presidency amid suspicions of corruption.

What was the focus of Andrew Jackson's presidency?

He prioritized domestic affairs over foreign policy.

What is Jacksonian Democracy?

A political philosophy advocating for a smaller government and expanded voting rights for all white men.

What was the Indian Removal Act?

A policy promoting the relocation of Native Americans rather than their assimilation.

What was the Nullification Debate?

A conflict over the Tariff of Abominations, where South Carolina threatened secession, leading to a compromise for a lower tariff.

What was the significance of the destruction of the Second National Bank?

Andrew Jackson openly defied Chief Justice Marshall's ruling that the National Bank was constitutional.

What economic changes occurred as a result of the War of 1812?

America became less dependent on Britain for economic prosperity, leading to growth in manufacturing.

What role did the Second Great Awakening play in American society?

It contributed to social changes, including the growing abolitionist movement and the role of women.

What was the impact of the Market Revolution?

It transformed the economy through advancements in transportation and technology.

What was the growing divide between North and South during this period?

It was characterized by differing economic interests and social issues, including slavery.

What was the significance of the Panic of 1819?

It was a result of rapid market growth, leading to economic instability.

What event caused the National Bank to go bankrupt?

The removal of all federal funds by President Andrew Jackson.

What political party emerged in response to Jackson's Democratic party?

The Whigs, which promoted government activism.

What significant economic event did the Panic of 1837 lead to?

A financial crisis that resulted in widespread bank failures and economic depression.

Who was Henry Clay and what was his role in American politics?

An active political leader known for his compromises, including the Missouri Compromise and the Tariff Compromise.

What was the American System proposed by Henry Clay?

A plan for economic self-sufficiency that included a protective tariff, a national bank, and infrastructure improvements.

What was the Market Revolution?

A period of rapid economic growth in the 1800s characterized by a surge in American manufacturing and business.

What were the main causes of the Market Revolution?

The War of 1812, improvements in transportation, and the Louisiana Purchase.

What was the impact of the Second Great Awakening?

It emphasized individual destiny and inspired various reform movements, including the Temperance Movement.

What was the Temperance Movement?

A social movement aimed at reducing alcohol consumption, led primarily by women concerned about the effects of drunkenness on families.

What was the Abolitionist Movement and who was a key figure?

A movement to end slavery, significantly influenced by Frederick Douglass and publications like those of William Lloyd Garrison.

What was the Indian Removal Act and its consequences?

Legislation that led to the forced relocation of Native American tribes, notably resulting in the Trail of Tears.

How did westward expansion affect Native Americans?

It led to loss of land, resources, and traditional ways of life, exacerbated by the construction of railroads and the killing of buffalo.

What was the social structure in the South during this period?

A rigid hierarchy dominated by aristocratic elites, with a reliance on agriculture and cash crops, particularly cotton.

What was the role of women in the reform movements of the 1800s?

Women gained political power and became increasingly involved in various reform movements, including the Women's Rights Movement.

What were Black Codes?

Laws created in the South to restrict the actions and rights of African Americans in society.

What was the significance of the cotton gin?

Invented by Eli Whitney, it revolutionized cotton production and increased the demand for slave labor.

What was sectionalism and how did it manifest in the 1800s?

A growing divide between the North (industrial), South (agricultural), and West (commercial farming) leading to increased tensions.

What was the impact of immigration in the North during this period?

Increased population growth and contributed to the labor force, leading to nativist responses among some white Americans.

What were the main transportation improvements during the Market Revolution?

The development of roads, canals, and railroads that facilitated trade and movement westward.

What was the significance of the Missouri Compromise?

It was an early attempt to balance the power between slave and free states in the Union.

How did the War of 1812 influence American nationalism?

It fostered a sense of national pride and encouraged westward expansion.

What was the role of technology in the growth of industry?

Technological advancements promoted faster production and increased demand for goods.

What was the relationship between the North and South's economies?

The North was industrialized with a market economy, while the South relied on agriculture and cash crops.

What was the significance of the Second National Bank?

It aimed to stabilize the economy but was opposed by Jackson, leading to its eventual demise.