Human Population Growth: Causes and Consequences

Population Growth Rate

Speed at which human population increases over time.

One Child Policy

China's policy limiting families to one child.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Average number of children born per woman.

Replacement Fertility Rate

TFR needed to maintain population size, about 2.1.

Demographic Transition

Shift from high birth/death rates to low rates.

Infant Mortality Rate

Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births.

Cumulative Impact

Total effect of human activities on the environment.

IPAT Model

Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology.

Population Density

Number of people per unit area.

Sex Ratio

Ratio of males to females in a population.

Aging Population

Increasing proportion of elderly individuals in society.

Population Control Program

Government initiatives to regulate population growth.

Environmental Capacity

Maximum population size that an environment can sustain.

Affluence

Wealth and consumption levels of a population.

Technological Advances

Improvements that affect resource use and efficiency.

Population Size Determinants

Factors include births, deaths, immigration, and emigration.

Current Global Population

Approximately 8.2 billion as of 2023.

Population Distribution

How population is spread across different regions.

High Population Growth Regions

Currently highest in Africa, projected for future.

China's Population Rank

China has the highest population globally.

India's Population Projection

India expected to surpass China soon.

Impact of Education on Fertility

Educating women reduces fertility rates significantly.

Environmental Degradation

Deterioration of the environment due to human activity.