DNA and Protein Synthesis: DNA structure 2026
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13 Terms
Deoxyribose
Sugar that helps make up the backbone of DNA
Adenine
base found in DNA and RNA that pairs with thymine or uracil
Thymine
base found in DNA only; pairs with adenine
Cytosine
base found in DNA and RNA that pairs with guanine
Guanine
base found in DNA and RNA that pairs with cytosine
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
molecule that stores and transmits genetic information and controls the functioning of cells
DNA Polymerase
Enzyme that pairs up complementary DNA bases in DNA replication
Helicase
Enzyme that “unzips” the DNA molecules
Gene
Segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
Chromosome
Rod-shaped structure that carries genetic information from one generation to the next
Double helix
the shape of DNA that resembles a spiral staircase or a twisted ladder
hydrogen bond
Type of bond found between the bases that connect together across the center of a DNA molecule
base sequence
the order of bases on a chain of DNA
