Personality Theories and Approaches

These flashcards cover key concepts and terminology related to various psychological theories of personality, focusing on definitions and explanations of the terms.

A theory developed by Carl Jung that emphasizes the balance between the conscious and unconscious mind.

Analytical psychology

A part of the unconscious mind that is shared among all humans, containing universal memories and archetypes.

Collective unconscious

In Jung's theory, these are innate symbolic representations found in the collective unconscious, such as the hero.

Archetype

A personality test that classifies individuals based on dimensions of personality, although it lacks scientific validation.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

A concept by Albert Bandura suggesting that behavior, cognitive processes, and context all influence each other.

Reciprocal determinism

The belief in one's own abilities to succeed, which affects how one approaches challenges.

Self-efficacy

A psychological concept that refers to how much control people believe they have over the outcomes of events in their lives.

Locus of control

The belief that outcomes in one's life are primarily the result of personal actions and decisions.

Internal locus of control

The belief that outcomes are influenced by external forces such as luck or the actions of others.

External locus of control

A discussion in psychology about the degree to which behavior is determined by personality versus situational factors.

Person-situation debate

The realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potential, often considered as the pinnacle of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Self-actualization

The extent to which genetic factors influence variations in a trait within a population.

Heritability

The idea that the most important personality traits can be identified through the language used to describe people.

Lexical hypothesis

A widely accepted model of personality which includes five broad traits: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

Five-factor model (FFM)

An extension of the Big Five personality traits, which includes Honesty-Humility as a sixth trait.

HEXACO model

Cultural dimensions that describe the degree to which individuals in a society prioritize group goals over individual goals, and vice versa.

Collectivism vs individualism

Psychological tests that use ambiguous stimuli to elicit projections of the subject's thoughts, feelings, and personality.

Projective tests

A projective psychological test in which subjects create stories about ambiguous images.

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A projective test consisting of inkblots in which individuals' interpretations reveal aspects of their personality.

Rorschach Inkblot Test