Biology Quiz Questions and Answers

Flashcards of biology quiz questions and answers in vocabulary style.

Correct order of increasing complexity in the human body

Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ Systems -> Organism

A region where populations interact with each other and the environment

Ecosystem

Standard Error

The uncertainty of each value

Purpose of a control group in an experiment

To increase the validity of the experimental results

Elements that make up 90% of the human body

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Composition of the nucleus of an atom

Protons and Neutrons

Difference between isotopes of the same element

The Number of Neutrons

Hydrogen bonding between which atoms in water

Hydrogen atom in one molecule and oxygen atom in another

Bond that forms when atoms share electrons

Covalent bonds

Requirement for facilitated diffusion to occur

A Carrier and concentration gradient

Plasma membrane composition

Phospholipids and protein

Why cells stay small

Cells' surface areas must meet exchange requirements

Semi-fluid internal medium of a cell

Cytoplasm

Primary source of ATP production

Mitochondrion

Tissue containing collagen, elastin, or reticular fibers

Connective

Movement of small molecules from high to low concentration

Diffusion

Statements describing the cell theory

All living things are made of cells and cells come only from pre-existing cells

Solution in which a red blood cell will shrink

Hypertonic solution

Involuntary muscle tissues

Cardiac and smooth muscles

Where adult red blood cells are formed

Red bone marrow

Effect of blood doping with erythropoietin

Increases the number of red blood cells

Liquid matrix of blood

Plasma

Responsibility of melanin

Skin pigmentation (color)

Skin layer that protects against bacterial infection and water loss

Epidermis

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Arteries

Heart chamber from which blood enters the lungs

Right ventricle

Systole

Heart muscle contraction

Structure that initiates heart contraction

SA node

Alternating expansion and contraction of arteries

The pulse

Chemical barriers to pathogen entry

A.   lysozymes found in perspiration, saliva and tears

B.   acidic pH of the stomach

C.  oily secretions of sebaceous glands in the skin

WBC that produces antibodies

B lymphocytes

What forms the fibrin threads in a clot

Fibrinogen

Who can a person with blood type AB receive blood from

Everyone because no antibodies that would attack incoming A or B antigens

B positive blood type

B antigens, antibody A, Rh antigen

Disease involving fatty material accumulation in arteries

Atherosclerosis

Pain from myocardial infarction

Angina pectoris

Ballooning of an artery

Aneurysm

Lymphoid organs

Bone Marrow, Thymus, Spleen, Lymph nodes, Tonsils

Functions of the lymphatic system

A.   takes up excess tissue fluid, returns it to the bloodstream

B.   absorbs fats in the intestines

C.  helps the body defend against disease

Function of the urinary bladder

Stores urine permitting controlled urination

Function of the alveoli's lipoprotein film

Keeps the alveoli from collapsing

Location of the vocal cords

Larynx

What happens during inspiration

Flattening of the diaphragm, expansion of the rib cage

Correct air flow sequence during inspiration

Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Where blood gets oxygenated in the lungs

Alveoli

Why alcohol increases urine production

Alcohol inhibits ADH causing diuresis

What prevents food from entering the trachea

Epiglottis

Transports urine from kidney to bladder

Ureter

Urea is a waste product from metabolizing what

Proteins

Contractile unit of a muscle fiber

Sarcomere

How true ribs attach to the sternum

Directly

Muscle filament that uses ATP

Myosin

A single brief muscle contraction

Muscle twitch

Functions of the skeletal system

A. stores minerals

B. protects vital organs

C. produces blood cells

D. gives the body shape

Cells that deposit calcium into the blood

Osteoclasts

What a hematoma followed by callus indicate

Broken bone

Can muscles push?

False

What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum store

Calcium

Purpose of the epiphyseal plates

Allows bones to grow in length

Neurons that conduct impulses faster

Myelinated neurons

Neurons that bring info to the CNS

Sensory neuron

Wernicke's area responsible for

Comprehension of speech

Signs of Parkinson's Disease

Shuffling gait, tremors of fingers

Support cells in the nervous system

Neuroglia

Controls posture and muscle tone

Cerebellum

Largest, conscious brain part

Cerebrum

Where neurotransmitters are stored

Axon terminals

A reflex action

An automatic, involuntary response

What does the parasympathetic nervous system mediate

"Rest-and-digest"

Element necessary for thyroid hormones

Iodine

What does the parathyroid hormone raise

Calcium

Hormones the posterior pituitary secretes

ADH, oxytocin

Where is growth hormone produced

anterior pituitary gland

Hormone that targets the uterus

Oxytocin

NOT in semen

Acidic pH

Where sperm matures

Epididymis

Path of sperm during ejaculation

Epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, glans penis

Changes in the endometrium

The uterine cycle

Hormones that influence female secondary sex traits

Progesterone and estrogen

What surrounds the egg plasma membrane

Zona pellucida

Hormone that indicates pregnancy

HCG

When can fetal sex first be identified

3-4 month

When is the afterbirth delivered

Third stage

Is the SRY gene found in XX males and XY females?

no

System that develops first in embryos

Cardiovascular

How is chlamydia cured

Antibiotic treatment

What do HPV viruses cause

Genital warts

What indicates full-blown AIDS

CD4 T cell levels fall below 200 per mm

What happens during stage 3 of labor

The placenta is expelled

Alternate forms of a gene

Alleles

How is a homozygous dominant genotype written

2 capital letters

What is the phenotype ratio from a heterozygous brown bull and white cow

50% brown and 50% white

Recessive phenotype ratio in a dominant recessive cross

0

What causes Down syndrome

Extra chromosome 21

The blood type of IAi

A

A photo of chromosomes in pairs

Karyotype

Point of attachment for sister chromatids

Centromere

Cell division that produces identical daughter cells

Mitosis

In which mitosis stage do chromosomes align at the equator

Metaphase