AP CSP 2.2.3 Demystifying Data Transmission

Early computer networks relied on..?

Physical Cables to connect devices, forming local networks

ARPANET

an experimental network that laid the
foundation for the modern internet. It
used packet switching to transmit
data across geographically dispersed
locations.

World Wide Web

created in 1989,
revolutionized data transmission by
providing a user-friendly interface for
accessing information and resources
globally.

Devices communicate by…

sending data packets through network paths, traversing interconnected nodes.

Routers and Switches….

faciliate data transmission by directing traffic and managing network flow.

Router

A networking device that forwards
data packets between networks based
on their destination IP addresses.

Data Transmission

Data travels as packets across network
paths, utilizing various protocols and
technologies.

Server

A powerful computer that provides
services and resources to other
computers on the network.

Client

A computer or device that requests
services and resources from a server
on the network

Data Packets

Data is divided into packets, small
units of information. Packets contain
the data itself, along with destination
and source addresses, ensuring
accurate delivery

Computer Network

Packets travel through interconnected
networks, navigating routers and
switches, to reach their destination.
This intricate network infrastructure
enables communication between
devices

Network Protocols

Protocols govern data transmission,
defining the rules for how packets are
formatted, addressed, and routed.
These protocols ensure seamless
communication and data integrity.

Physical Layer

Deals with the physical
equipment involved in the
network, such as cables,
connectors, and signal
transmission

Data Link layer

Responsible for reliable
data transfer between
directly connected nodes,
including error detection
and correction.

Network Layer

Handles the routing and
forwarding of data to the
proper destination, including
logically addressing hosts

Transport Layer

Ensures end-to-end
reliable data transfer,
including segmentation,
flow control, and error
correction.

File Transfer Protocol FTP

FTP is a protocol used to transfer
files between computers over a
network.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTP

HTTP is a protocol used for
communication between web
browsers and web servers

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SMTP

SMTP is a protocol used for sending
and receiving emails.

Data Transmission Redudancy

Strategy that involves storing duplicate copies of data in multiple locations to ensure that critical information is always accessible

Scalability

Network redundancy allows systems
to scale effortlessly to handle
increasing data traffic and user
demands

Fault Tolerance

Redundancy ensures continuous data
flow even if one component fails,
reducing downtime and maintaining
system reliability

Redundancy

Redundancy is crucial in data
transmission to prevent data loss and
ensure uninterrupted service,
especially during network disruptions.

IP Addressing

Each device on a network is
assigned a unique IP
address.

IPv4 Addressing

IPv4 addresses are 32-bit
numbers, represented as
four decimal numbers
separated by dots

IPv6 Addressing

Pv6 addresses are 128-bit
numbers, using
hexadecimal notation,
providing a vast range of
addresses

DNS Resolution

DNS translates domain
names into IP addresses,
enabling web browsing and
communication

Reducing Data Size

Data compression techniques reduce
file size by eliminating redundancy or
using more efficient representations.

Optimizing Bandwith

Compressed data transmits faster,
minimizing network congestion and
improving data transfer speeds

Efficient Storage

Compressed data requires less
storage space, maximizing disk
capacity and reducing storage costs

Lossy Compression

permanently removes data from the
original file.

Lossless Compression

compression reduces the size of a file without
losing any data.

Smaller Files

Text compression algorithms reduce
the size of files by removing
redundancy.

Faster Tranmission

Compressed data takes up less
bandwidth, which reduces network
congestion

Efficient Storage

Compressed data requires less
storage space, maximizing disk
capacity and reducing storage costs

File Size Reductions

Media compression techniques
decrease file size by removing
redundant data

Bandwidth Optimization

Compressed media transmits faster,
minimizing network congestion and
improving data transfer speeds.

Efficient Storage

Compressed media requires less
storage space, maximizing disk
capacity and reducing storage costs.