Subjunctive vs. Indicative

how to conjugate subjunctive?

-convert the verb into YO form of present indicative then add the right endings:

hablar->hablo->habl->hable (el/ella.ud or yo)

AR verb endings:

-e

-es

-e

-emos

-en

ER/IR verb endings:

-a

-as

-a

-amos

-an

WHAT IS SUBJUNCTIVE?

SUBJUNCTIVE

-expressions of uncertainty (how i remember it: subjunctive

and certain start w/same sound. except its the opposite of certain. idk it works for me it might help you out.)

-this is where verb endings change:

ar->er

er/ir->ar

ex: es probable-> its probable-> there is uncertainty

es probable que ella ____(tener) un perro y un gato.

es probable que ella tengas un perro y un gato.

WHAT IS INDICATIVE?

INDICATIVE

-expressions of certainty

-verb endings stay the same

ar->ar

er/ir->er/ir

ex: no hay duda de-> there is no doubt that-> there is certainty

no hay duda de que ella ____(tener) un perro y un gato.

no hay duda de que ella tiene un perro y un gato.

irregular verbs in present subjunctive

-dar

-estar

-ser

-ir

-saber

dar (irregular in subjunctive)

-dé

-des

-dé

-demos

-den

estar (irregular in subjunctive)

-esté

-estes

-esté

-estemos

-estén

ser (irregular in subjunctive)

-sea

-seas

-sea

-seamos

-sean

ir (irregular in subjunctive)

-vaya

-vayas

-vaya

-vayamos

-vayan

saber (irregular in subjunctive)

-sepa

-sepas

-sepa

-sepamos

-sepan

NEGAR

-this is a hard one.

no negar is an expression of certainty

negar is an expression of uncertainty