Biology 30 Unit 1: Life

What is Biology?

The Study Of Life

“Bios”

Greek word meaning Life

“Logos”

Greek word meaning The Study Of…

What are the 8 characteristics of Life

1. Contains Genetic Material

2. Made up of Cells

3. Maintain a stable internal Environment

4. Evolve

5. Reproduce

6. Grow and Develop

7. Respond to their Environment

8. Obtain & use Material & Energy

What is a Virus

A virus is a noncellular particle that is made up of genetic material and protein

How Does a Virus Reproduce

1. Virus attaches itself to cell wall

2. Nucleic Acid from the virus enters cell

3. Nucleic Acid of virus directs cell to make new virus parts

4. Virus parts are put together, making copies of the virus

5. Cell bursts open and virus are released

Why aren’t viruses living

1. Lack cell structure

2. Do not grow

3. Do not use energy

4. Can reproduce when inside living cells

What is spontaneous generation/Abiogenesis

The belief that life arose from Non-Living matter

What is Biogenesis

The belief that living things arise from other living things of the same type

Francisco Redi

First Scientist to prove Biogenesis:

Used Meat, a Jar, and Mesh to show that Maggots couldn’t form even if there was oxygen present

John Needham

Proved Abiogenesis:

Boiled a Gravy, and put a quark stopper to not allow microorganisms to enter, but failed due to quark having little holes.

Lasssaro Spallanzani

Challenged John Needham & proved Biogenesis:

Did the same experiment with Gravy, but melted the glass neck together.

Louis Pasteur

Proved Biogenesis:

Used a Swan Neck Flask to trap the organisms in the elbow of the flask and heated a liquid to kill the organisms. He also proved “Pasteurization”

Label The Light Compound Microscope

What is the most common type of Microscope we use?

Light Compound Microscope

Where should you carry the Microscope by?

1. Arm

2. Base

How long is the field of view on low power?

4.4mm

How long is the field of view on medium power

1.66mm

How long is the field of view on high power?

.44mm

How to Calculate the Magnification?

M=size of drawing/size of actual object

Joe viewed an amoeba under a high power (40x)objective lens on his microscope where he estimated that 4.5 would fit across the view of field. He drew the following picture of the amoeba. Calculate its magnification.

What is a Cell?

A cell is the basic unit of life

How did the name “cell” originate?

named after examining cork tissue. The tiny chambers looked like honeycomb or the rooms in a monastery

Van Leuwenhoek

First Biologist to see cells

Robert Hooke?

Coined the term “Cells”

Robert Brown

Discovered the Nucleus

Felix Dujarden

Named the jelly-substance “cytoplasm”/“protoplasm”

Theodore Schwann

A zoologist stated that animal tissue is made up of animal cells

Matthias Schneiden

Stated that plant tissue is made of plant cells

Rudolf Virchow

Stated that all cells come from pre-existing cells(Biogenesis)

What are the two major cell types?

1. Prokaryotic

2. Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic?

Cells that lack a nucleus ex) only Bacteria

Eukaryotic?

Cells that contain a nucleus ex) all protists, fungi, plants and animals

Characteristics Animal Cells?

1. Round in shape

2. Centriole Pair (Cell Division)

3. Lysosomes

4. Flagellum

5. Several Small Vacuoles

Characteristics Plant Cells?

1. Boxy in shape

2. Cell Wall (Cellulose)

3. Chloroplast

4. On large Central Vacuole

Label Animal Cell?

Label Plant Cell?

Nucleus(Control Center)

1. Directs all cells activities

2. Site of DNA replication and Chromatin (unravelled DNA)

Nucleolus (Ribosome Factory)

1. Site of ribosome production

2. Made up of RNA and protein

Nuclear Membrane( Nucleus Gatekeeper)

1. Surrounds the Nucleus and separates it from cytoplasm

2. 2 layers of lipids called nuclear pores

Nucleoplasm

1. Cytoplasm of the nucleus

2. House for nucleolus & Chromatin

Ribosome (Protein Factory)

1. Smallest organelle within the cell

2. Site of Protein Synthesis—> Translation (Creates Protein)

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum [SER] (Shipper of the Cell)

1. To ship materials throughout the cell interior

2. Smooth in Appearance(No Ribosomes)

3. Network of hollow tubes (subway/Train)

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum [RER] (Shipper of the Cell)

1. Rough in Appearance ( Has Ribosomes)

2. Can also synthesize proteins

3. Same as SER

Golgi Body (Packager)

1. It packages materials like proteins for Transport

Mitochondria (Power/Energy)

1. Shaped like a Jelly Bean

2. Site of Cellular Respiration

Cytoplasm

1. Jelly like Substance

2. Provides a residence for all cell organelles

Vacuole (Storage tank of the Cell)

1. Stores Water

Centriole (Unique to Animal Cell)

1. Cell division

Lysosome [Stomach of the Cell] (Unique to Animal Cell)

1. Digestive cells formed from the Golgi Body

Flagellum (Unique to Animal Cell)

1. A whip like tail made of protein

2. Permits movement

   ex) Sperm Cell

Chloroplast [Photosynthesis] (Unique to Plant Cell)

1. Green in color containing pigment Chlorophyll

2. Site of Photosynthesis

Cell Wall (Unique to Plant Cell)

1. Rigid non-living structure composed of cellulose

2. Helps maintain shape in Plants and provides protection

Organelles unique to plant cells

1. Chloroplast

2. Cell Wall

Organelles unique to animal cells

1. Centrioles

2. Lysosome

3. Flagellum

What is a Fluid Mosaic Model?

Fluid: The many small parts can MOVE

Mosaic: A surface of many small parts

Hydrophilic

Phospholipid Head

Hydrophobic

Phospholipid Tail