Microbiology Unit 5- Lectures 3&4

gram positive

mouth normal flora

stomach and small intestine

few normal flora

has stomach acid, mucus, IgA, bile

large intestine

lots of normal flora

diarrhea

frequent watery, loose stool

dysentery

diarrhea plus mucus, blood, and/or inflammation

gastroenteritis

inflammation of stomach and intestinal mucosa

enterocolitis

inflammation of small and large intestine

stool normal flora

coliforms- lactose fermenter- e.coli

gram + cocci: enterococcus

food intoxication

symptoms caused by toxin

quick onset

food infection

symptoms caused by organism

24-48 hour onset

cavities

caused by viridans streptococci (streptococcus mutnans, streptococcus sobrinus)

ginigivits

caused by anaerobes

periodontitis

chronic issues with ginigivitis

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

caused by anaerobes

requires debridement

food intoxications

caused by 6 bacteria:

• staph aureus

• clostridious difficile

• bacillus cerues

• clostridium perfringens

• vibrio cholerae

• shingella dysenertiae

staph aureus

some produce enterotoxins (superantigen)

onset: 3-6 hours

transmission: bacteria on food handler (hands, nasal, skin to food)

clostridium difficile

antibiotic-associated diarrhea (infection following broad spectrum antibiotics)

complications: causes pseudomembranous collitis

epidemiology: nosocomial

dx: ELISA for toxins

treatment: fecal transplant

bacillus cereus

caused by 2 toxins:

• diarrheal toxin: found on meats and vegetables

• nausea and vomiting toxin: on rice

clostridium perfringens

on meat, canned goods

toxin is made during sporulation process

vibrio cholerae

aka cholera

produces cholera toxin (makes cells secrete water)

culture/dx: rice water stools

transmission: crustaceans, seafood

treatment: antibiotics, replace fluids

shigella dysenteriae

caused by shiga toxin

symptoms: severe, bloody diarrhea

epidemiology: uncommon in US