Animal Science Notes Review

This is a set of flashcards based on the Animal Science lecture notes, covering key concepts related to animal consumption, nutrition, digestion, and livestock management.

What is the average daily meat consumption for American men and women?

American men consume 6.9 ounces of meat per day, while women consume less.

What is the primary protein source in developed countries?

Meat is the predominant protein source in developed countries.

How much of the world's agricultural land is permanent pasture?

Two-thirds of the world's agricultural land is permanent pasture.

What are the main benefits of grazing livestock?

Benefits include noxious weed control, watershed management, fine control, non-mechanical land maintenance, and maintenance of biological diversity.

What is the value of the livestock product sale commodity in billion dollars for beef, pork, and poultry respectively?

Beef: 188.4 billion, Pork: 100 billion, Poultry: 148 billion.

What nutrient class provides energy and support in livestock diets?

Nutrients include carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, and water.

What is the function of vitamins in animal nutrition?

Vitamins are essential in small amounts and are involved in metabolism regulation and support of the nervous, digestive, and immune systems.

What is rickets, and how is it related to mineral deficiencies?

Rickets is a deficiency symptom related to low calcium and phosphorus, affecting skeletal formation.

What is the difference between essential and non-essential amino acids?

Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through diet, while non-essential amino acids can be synthesized.

What is digestion, and how does it relate to nutrient absorption?

Digestion is the process of breaking down large feedstuffs into absorbable nutrients, which are then transported into the bloodstream.

What function does the pancreas serve in digestion?

The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes necessary for the chemical digestion of nutrients.

What is the difference between ruminants and monogastric animals in digesting feed?

Ruminants have compartmentalized stomachs with microbial populations aiding in digestion, while monogastrics have a simpler stomach structure.

What role do microbes play in the rumen?

Microbes in the rumen help digest structural carbohydrates and synthesize B vitamins.

What symptoms can occur due to Vitamin A deficiency?

Vitamin A deficiency can lead to night blindness and decreased growth and reproduction.

What is the significance of dietary fats?

Fats serve as an energy source, protect vital organs, and are precursors for the synthesis of body fat.

What are the main minerals needed in animal nutrition and their functions?

Minerals are essential for skeletal formation, muscle contraction, enzyme function, acid-base balance, and osmotic gradients.