ARCH 307 Exam #2 Slide IDs

\- Pantheon’s Oculus

\- Rome

\- 118-125 CE

\- 8 m wide opening that allows sun in a circular shape to enter the interior

\- Built to position the sun’s light on significant dates and solstices

\- Part of the wider dome, made of coffering and increasingly light material like pumice

\- Canopus

\- Tivoli

\- 118-134 CE

\- Long rectangular reflection pond made to represent a canal from the Nile

\- Lined with statues of Greek myth

\- Contains the serapaeum on one end, a half-dome with a triclinium and waterfall feature

\- Example of Hadrian’s experimentation with architecture

\- Island Villa

\- Tivoli

\- 118-134 CE

\- Small circular island with bedrooms, eating spaces, a library, and courtyard

\- Courtyard possibly inspired by Piazza d’Oro

\- Considered to be a success of Hadrian’s experimentation and an architectural marvel

\- Basilica

\- Pompeii

\- 80-31 BCE

\- Constructed during the Sullan period after the Social War

\- Corinthian brick columns blocked the view of tribunals within the structure

\- Example of Romanization during the Roman Republic

\- Colonnade

\- Pompeii

\- 80 BCE-68 CE

\- A rectangular colonnade around the forum oriented with the capitolium

\- First Republican phase left unfinished but later finished by the Augustan period

\- Arches next to the capitolium mimic the temple of Venus Genetrix

\- Antonine Warehouse

\- Ostia

\- circa 160 CE

\- Warehouse of singular rooms that stood along the street

\- A less secure but more effective system of storage from the previous horrea

\- One of the most common buildings in Ostia due to the amount of commerce in the city

\- Garden House

\- Ostia

\- circa 128 CE

\- Multi-roomed apartments typically owned by harbor managers or high class individuals

\- Contained elaborate decoration like statues and cistern courtyards

\- House of the Hunt

\- Bulla Regia

\- 2nd century CE

\- Roman style house with special adaptions to the environment

\- Second, private floor is located underground instead of the typical upstairs

\- Palazzo delle Colonne

\- Ptolemais

\- late 2nd-1st century BCE

\- A Greek style peristyle house with top heavy pediment decorations above the courtyard’s colonnade

\- First known example of the “broken pediment” architecture, a popular decoration that spreads throughout Rome

\- Severan Forum

\- Leptis Magna

\- 216 CE

\- Massive forum with a crooked basilica due to terrain

\- Contains a typical Roman temple except for the architecturally Punic stairway entrance

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\- Hunting Baths

\- Leptis Magna

\- late 2nd century CE

\- Baths purposely made to look ugly to encourage entering the structure

\- Example of well preserved domed structures

\- Maison Carree

\- Nimes

\- 19 BCE

\- A “perfect” Roman temple with correct proportions

\- Example of thorough Romanization in southern France

\- Nimes Amphitheater

\- France

\- late 1st century CE

\- Constructed Romano-Celt Tiberius Crispius Reburrus

\- Amphitheater built identically to a nearby amphitheater at Arles

\- Example of Romano-Celts building Roman architecture

\- Orange Theater

\- France

\- early 1st century CE

\- One of the best preserved theater in all of the Roman Empire (including stage and orchestra)

\- Covered in a marble veneer

\- Contains evidence of velarium brackets

\- Villa at Fishbourne

\- England

\- 75 CE

\- Largest Roman villa in Britain constructed for client-king Togidubnus

\- Strictly Roman design in a very cold climate

\- Example of Romanization in Celtic culture

\- Temple of Jupiter Heliopolitanus

\- Baalbek

\- 250 CE

\- Largest sanctuary in the entire Roman Empire

\- Contains a propylon, hexagonal forecourt, colonnade courtyard, and a temple to Jupiter Capitolinus

\- Propylon and colonnade use Roman and Near-Eastern architecture associated with local god Ba’al

\- Propylon columns are not equally distanced

\- Temple of Hadrian

\- Ephesos

\- Mid 2nd century CE

\- Contains widely spaced columns with Syrian arch

\- Syrian arch appears as a border decoration when angled correctly

\- Example of Roman architecture using provincial architecture

\- Arch of Hadrian

\- Athens

\- 138 CE

\- Boundary marker between old-town Athens and new-town Athens (constructed by Hadrian)

\- Uniquely thin arch with frescoes and baroque decoration atop

\- Doubles as imperial propaganda as people enter the newer part of the city

\- Theater at Sabratha

\- Libya

\- late 2nd century CE

\- Contains the best preserved scaenae frons in the Roman Empire

\- Backdrop included 3 entrances and 3 tiered columns, made to represent either

\- Odeum of Herodes

\- Athens

\- 160 CE

\- A Roman roofed theater

\- Most well-known odeum with extremely tall scaenae frons

\- Circus at Leptis Magna

\- Libya

\- 2nd century CE

\- Large flat structure used for chariot racing and triumphal processions

\- Best preserved Roman circus

\- Central spina is purposely crooked to assist charioteers turn

\- Baths of Diocletian

\- Rome

\- 298-306 CE

\- Largest baths at the time of its construction

\- Frigidarium is the only surviving section of the bath (now a church)

\- Immensely tall, open, and bright due to groin vaults

\- Pool’s facade similar to a theater’s scaenae frons

\- Baths of Diocletian Plan

\- Rome

\- 298-306 CE

\- Largest baths at the time of its construction

\- Frigidarium is the only surviving section of the bath (now a church)

\- Immensely tall, open, and bright due to groin vaults

\- Pool’s facade similar to a theater’s scaenae frons

\- Basilica at Trier

\- Germany

\- early 4th century CE

\- Imperial building used to emphasize the presence of the emperor

\- Contained now destroyed wooden beams that held up a second floor

\- Porta Nigra

\- Trier

\- early 4th century CE

\- Unfinished black gate with an intended 4 floors, although only one section has 4

\- Inscription claims the 3rd floor was built in 3 weeks

\- Well preserved due to being a church and home of a martyr