PSYC 490

Believed that knowledge could only be obtained through reasoning

Continental rationalism,

-found a correlation between number of cvc in set and number of learning trials needed for perfect recitation
-discovered that memory deteriorates over time
-known for his experimental rigor of his studies

Hermann Ebbinghaus

-believed that we should question everything that can not be verified
-Believed that knowledge could only be obtained through reasoning
-believed that human body is a machine
-proposed the reflex arc

Rene Descartes

-founder of psychophysics
-developed S=k LogR formula
-wrote Elements of Psychophysics
-suggested a distinction between outer and inner psychophysics

Gustav Fechner

-believed that the mind is a tabula rasa (blank slate)
-proposed that there are inner and outer senses

John Locke

examined the featured of the face to identify personality, intelligence, etc

Physiognomy, Cesare Lombroso

physical and mental symptoms could be relieved by passing magnets over body

Mesmerism

cures for physical and psychological problems resided in metal powers

Mental Healing

-developed the method of induction
-Father of British Empiricism

Francis Bacon

-developed the terms nature and nurture
-Considered a polymath
-developed the scatterplot

Francis Galton

-Considered a polymath
-measured speed of nerve conductance

Hermann von Helmholtz

-wrote the most influential book in the last 400 years, On the Origins of Species
-proposed that those who survive to reproduce will pass on their advantageous features

Charles Darwin

-proposed that there is only matter and that is all that is needed to explain the mind
-Believed that knowledge could only be obtained through reasoning
-believed that human body is a machine

Thomas Hobbes

proposed that only through the sense of touch do we know the properties of an object

George Berkeley

developed a measurement defined as the smallest separation at which two points applied simultaneously to the skin can be clearly distinguished from a single point

Ernst Weber

credited with resolving the debate on the 2 theories of color vision

Christine Ladd-Franklin

-wrote Principles of Physiological Psychology
-used trained observers over multiple trials with changing stimuli
-used instruments such as gravity chronometer and rotating memory drum
-wrote a 10-volume text including topics such as language and customs

Wilhelm Wundt

conducted a famous longitudinal study on gifted children

Lewis Terman

-developed a mental test used at Columbia to measure intelligence of students
-most important contribution to psychology was being editor of Science

James Cattell

student of Cattells who founded the first psychological clinic in PA

Lightner Witmer

wrote Animal Minds and was the first woman PhD in psychology in the US

Margaret Washburn

-developed the term Stimulus error and founder of the school of Structuralism
-felt we should describe mental experiences in terms of "universal Elements"

Edward Titchener

considered founder of functionalism

James R Angel

considered the birth year of scientific experimental psychology

1879

devoted student of Titchener who was a noted historian

Edwin Boring

developed learning theory such as law of effect and developed the puzzle box

Edward Thorndike

interested in eye-witness testimony and false confessions, a student of Wundts

Hugo Munsterberg

-used instruments such as gravity chronometer and rotating memory drum
-used trained observers over multiple trials with changing stimuli

Leipzig Lab

studied the impact of nature and nurture on triplets

Ruth Howard

introduced the role of motivation in behavior

Robert Woodworth

-called the father of American Psychology
-Wrote Principles of Psychology
-developed a prominent theory of emotions

William James

pioneer in adolescence psychology

Stanley G Hall

-First female president of the APA
-developed the "paired associates task"

Mary Calkins

-pioneer in the field of comparable psychology and intelligence testing
-guided the development of the Army Alpha and Army Beta tests

Robert Yerkes

first African American man to earn a PhD in psychology

Francis C Sumner

published the first systematic study of gender differences

Helen Thompson Woolley

first woman chair of a psychology department

June Downey

interested in the process of attention as it related to underachieving children

Yujiro Motora

first African American woman to earn PhD in psychology

Inez Presser

focused her work on gifted children

Leta Hollingworth

conducted groundbreaking work in biofeedback

Neal Miller

-conducted the study where the rats ran "kerplunk" into the end wall
-author of "behavior manifesto"
-used this : a process in which a person develops a reaction to a previously neutral stimulus
-instituted celebrity endorsements for ads

John Watson

coined the terms "cognitive map"

Edward Tolman

known as the man who saved Coca Cola and conducted one of the earliest studies of psychopharmacology in humans

Harry Hollingworth

R-S relationship founder

B.F Skinner

worked with little Peter and seen as "mother of behavioral therapy"

Mary Cover Jones

a school of psychology that insisted that overt behavior be psychology subject matter

Methodological Behaviorism

-created the hypothetic-deductive method
-created: The proposal that learning occurs when a behavior is impelled by an unpleasant state that is reduced after that behavior is performed

Clark Hull

rejected the concept of instinct

Zing-Yang Kuo