Intro to BIOL Chemistry of Life/Macromolecules

Which is NOT a characteristic of ALL living organisms?

Composed of multiple cells

Put these in order (Smallest → Largest): Atom → Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organism → Population → Ecosystem → Biosphere

Atom → Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organism → Population → Ecosystem → Biosphere

What is the smallest level that can perform ALL life functions?

The cell

Which theme unites all of biology?

Evolution

How does photosynthesis help in the flow of energy?

It converts sunlight into chemical energy (sugar)

How does photosynthesis help in nutrient cycling?

It takes CO₂ and puts carbon into living things

How does Natural Selection cause a population to adapt?

Individuals with better traits reproduce more

Natural selection →

Unequal reproductive success

Evolution →

Descent with modification

Hypothesis →

A testable idea

Biosphere →

All life-supporting environments on Earth

Logic of science?

Results may or may not support the hypothesis

Hypothesis vs Theory?

Hypothesis = narrow guess; Theory = broad supported explanation

Fact vs Opinion?

Fact = verifiable; Opinion = belief

How do you make an ion?

Add/remove electrons

How do you make an isotope?

Add/remove neutrons

Change an atom into a different element?

Change protons

Why are radioactive isotopes useful?

They behave the same chemically but can be traced

What is a polar molecule?

Molecule with slight +/– ends (like water)

Why is ice melting NOT chemical?

It stays H₂O

Why does water have unique properties?

Hydrogen bonding

Monomers join to form polymers through ___ reaction, releasing ___.

Dehydration synthesis; water

Polymers break down through ___ reaction, consuming ___.

Hydrolysis; water

Which term includes all the others?

Carbohydrate

What is a saturated fat?

Max hydrogens; no double bonds