Studied by 1 person
Social Psychology
The ways that one's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the real, imagined, or inferred behavior or characteristics of others
Social Cognition
How you think of others
Social Influence
How others influence you
Attribution Theory
The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting or blaming either the situation or the person's disposition
Dispositional Attribution
Explanations that relate to some personality, characteristic, or trait of the person engaging in the behavior
Situational Attribution
Explanations of behavior, such as the teacher, the weather, or school bully that influences the way someone behaves
Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE)
Tendency to make dispositional attributions and underestimate the role of situational factors
Self-Serving Bias
Tendency to make situational attributions for our negative behaviors and dispositional attributions for our positive behaviors
Self-Effacing/Modesty Bias
Tendency to attribute our successes to external factors and our failures to internal factors
Actor-Observer Bias
Have different explanations for our own behaviors versus the behaviors of others, even though we may be engaged in similar actions
Self-Handicapping
Creating conditions or excuses for failure beforehand to protect the ego against the possibility of failure
Just-World Phenomenon/Hypothesis
Tendency to believe that the universe has an inherent balance, and people get what they deserve
Cognitive Dissonance
Mismatch between our beliefs and actions, which creates anxiety or guilt
Individualism
Emphasize individual achievement and prioritize personal goals over group goals
Collectivism
Value group goals over individual pursuits, members define themselves by their role in the group
In-Group
People with whom we share a common identity (us)
In-Group Bias
The tendency to favor our own group
Out-Group
Those perceived as different or apart from ourselves (them)
Out-Group Homogeneity
Thinking that others, them, are alike
Scapegoat Theory
The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
Stereotyping
An over-generalized belief (positive or negative) about a particular group of people
Prejudice
An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members
Racial Prejudice
Prejudice or discrimination based on race and/or skin color
Racism
The unequal distribution of power between races
Discrimination
The unfair treatment of a group and its members
Superordinate Goals
Different groups must work together to solve a problem
Contact Hypothesis
Bringing those in conflict together will help reduce the conflict
Mere-Exposure Effect
The more we're around people, the more we tend to like them
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Expectations about ourselves and others can lead us to act that way (consciously or unconsciously)
Stereotype Threat
Being aware of a stereotype about one's group and acting according to that stereotype
Ethnocentrism
Assuming the superiority of one's ethnic group
Attitude
An individual's opinion or belief about people and events
Central Route to Persuasion
Presenting facts, logic, and evidence in an argument
Peripheral Route to Persuasion
Appealing to emotions or credibility in an argument
Norm of Reciprocity
We do nice things for others after they've done nice things for us
Foot-In-the-Door Technique
Starting with a smaller request and working up to a larger one
Door-In-the-Face Technique
Starting with a large request (expecting rejection) and scaling back to make it more reasonable
Conformity
Adjusting your thoughts or actions to align with a reference group or expected behavior
Obedience
Doing something because a person in a person of authority told you to do it
Compliance
Going along with a reference or demand not necessarily from an authority figure
Informational Social Influence
Going along with others because we believe they have more information about the situation than we do
Normative Social Influence
Going along with others in order to gain their approval or fit in
Soloman Asch
Conducted a series of studies in the 1950s on conformity to group pressure
Stanley Milgram
Soloman's student, conducted a series of studies on obedience to authority
Philip Zimbardo
Conducted experiments on the influence of roles and social expectations in a simulated prison environment
Automatic Mimicry/Chameleon Effect
A type of social behavior where individuals unintentionally imitate gestures, behaviors, facial expressions, or speech patterns
Groupthink
Going along with decisions and opinions of a group, even if we don't agree with them
Group Polarization
The beliefs, attitudes, and decisions of a group tend to be more amplified and extreme than those of the individuals
Social Loafing
Individuals in a group exert less effort than they would on their own because they assume that others will fill in the gaps (consciously or unconsciously)
Social Striving
Individuals improve their performance in a group because they don't want to let other group members down
Deindividuation
Individuals often engage in negative behavior in a group setting
Social Facilitation
If it's a task you know well, the presence of an audience tends to aid your performance (includes home field advantage)
Social Inhibition
If it's a task you're unfamiliar with, the presence of an audience tends to hinder your performance
Social Trap
Individuals will make choices that benefit themselves, even if it hurts the group
Tragedy of the Commons/Commoner's Dilemma
Cooperation would serve the interest of all, but for it to work, everyone must cooperate and trust that others will do the same
The Prisoner's Dilemma
Type of social trap that results in competition being favored over cooperation
Altruism
The unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Bystander Effect
The more people witnessing an assault or emergency, the less likely it is that an individual will help
Diffusion of Responsibility
Thinking that someone else will help
Aggression
An intentional act meant to harm
Instrumental Aggression
An act of aggression carried out to serve a particular purpose
Frustration-Aggression Model
Aggression most often occurs when we're prevented from achieving a goal, causing frustration
Similarity
Opposites don't attract
Proximity
You're more likely to date someone who lives near you
Halo Effect
The assumption that physically attractive people are smarter, nicer + more talented than others
Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love
Describes certain types of love and how they apply to relationships over time
Passion
The intense desire to be with the other person
Intimacy
Emotional closeness, openness, and sharing
Commitment
The desire to maintain the relationship
Consummate Love
Passion, intimacy, and commitment
Romantic Love
Passion and intimacy
Companionate Love
Intimacy and commitment
Fatuous Love
Passion and commitment
Empty Love
Commitment
Infatuation
Passion
Liking
Intimacy
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Flashcard (25)