Chapter 2 From Africa to America 1441–1808

These flashcards cover key concepts, events, and terminology from Chapter 2 of 'Freedom on My Mind,' focusing on the Transatlantic Slave Trade, the Middle Passage, and associated historical figures.

What was the significant factor that led to the rise of the Transatlantic Slave Trade?

Europe's social and political transformations along with the demand for labor in the Americas.

What role did the Portuguese play in the early stages of the Transatlantic Slave Trade?

They were key in maritime expeditions and establishing first contacts, including exploration around the Cape of Good Hope.

What types of labor were indigenous people, such as the Tainos, subjected to in the Americas?

They were enslaved for labor, particularly in gold and copper mining.

What were Bozales and Ladinos in the context of slavery in the Americas?

Bozales were Africans recently arrived in the Americas, while Ladinos were enslaved Africans who were Spanish-speaking and had some European cultural influences.

What was the Treaty of Tordesillas and how did it relate to the slave trade?

An agreement between Spain and Portugal that divided newly discovered lands between them, facilitating colonial expansion and the slave trade.

What is the Triangular Trade and its significance?

A trade system that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas, involving the exchange of goods and enslaved people.

What was the Middle Passage?

The brutal sea journey between West Africa and the Americas where enslaved Africans were transported.

How was the capture and confinement of enslaved individuals described during the Middle Passage?

It involved forced marches to the coast, cramped conditions on ships, and high mortality due to disease and inhumane treatment.

What were the conditions like aboard slave ships during the Middle Passage?

Overcrowded, unsanitary, with inadequate food and high rates of disease and fatalities.

What was the estimated survival rate for captured Africans during the Middle Passage?

Approximately 50% of captured Africans survived the journey.