Congress of Vienna

BOP = Balance of Power CoV = Congress of Vienna

Talleyrand

French statesman; crashed the congress of vienna but was convincing and made his way in

Principle of Legitimacy

The principle of the original absolute monarchies (displaced by Napoleon)

Sentinel on the Rhine

Refers to Prussia which received land during Congress of Vienna and then bordered France. It was watching France, in case any problems stirred up.

Solution of the Congress of Vienna

Restoration and Compensation

Goal of Congress of Vienna

Undo what Napoleon did

• Peace and Stability

• Legitimate rulers back on throne

• BOP restored

Holy Alliance

Part of Russia’s compensation, alliance w/ Prussia and Austria

Concert of Europe

Agreement among Great Powers to not upset BOP and political boundaries

Nation-State

When a nation has its own independent government

Cavour

Prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, united Northern Italy

Garibaldi

Leading of the Red Shirts, conquered Sicily and then southern Italy, afterwards merging it with the north

Who was emperor of Italy (previously king of Piedmont-Sardinia)

Victor Emmanuel II

Who was the prime minister of Prussia

Otto von Bismarck

Who was the king of Prussia (later emperor of Germany)

Wilhelm I

What is the Kaiser

Emperor of Germany

What political strategy did Otto von Bismarck use

Realpolitik

Name the wars during German Unification

Danish War

Austro-Prussian War (1864)

Franco-Prussian War (1870)

What were Junkers

Highly conservative, wealthy nobles in Germany (Otto is one)

Years of German Unification

1864-1871

Years of Italian Unification

1859-1870

3 Major Ways Napoleon Changed Europe

• Upset BOP —> France is much larger + changed the map in general

• Put his family on the throne

• Brought revolutionary ideas

What did Great Britain receive in compensation

Ports + colonies

• Ceylon

• Cape Town

• Singapore

What did Austria receive in compensation

Land in northern Italy and Adriatic coast + rules over New German Confederation + influence

What did Prussia receive as compensation

40% of Saxony, expands borders to border France

What does Russia receive as compensation

Holy Alliance + Poland is a kingdom of Russia

2 Things restored at CoV

BOP and Legitimate Rulers

3 Strengths of Cov

Temporarily smoothed tension between Prussia + Austria, GB + France, and kept peace for about 100 years

3 Weaknesses of Cov

Nationalists not happy, Radicals not happy, revolts broke out

4 bonds that people share to make up a nation state

Language, Culture, History, Territory or Religion

Two countries w/ successful revolutions in 1830s

France, Belgium, Greece

Why did Belgium + Greece have successful revolts

• not breaking away from great power

• received help

  • didn’t upset BOP (small)

Failed revolutions for which countries

Italy and Poland

What did Cavour do to bring Northern Italy under control of Piedmont-Sardinia

Got France’s help, defeated Austria and took Northern Italy - Venetia

3 Advantages of Prussia over Austria for Germany’s unification

• More Industrialized

• German speaking citizens (more)

• Stronger army