Study Guide Physics

What is this picture?

What is this picture?

Ideal Gas Law formula

What is this picture?

Pressures in Flowing liquids equation (flow resistance)

What are the same properties gases and liquids both present?

• Exert pressure

• Capable of flow

  • Exhibit the property of viscosity

What properties are unique only to gases?

• Readily compressed (in cylinder) and expanded

  • Fill spaces available to them by diffusion

What is diffusion?

The movement of our gases until they fill a space

Does velocity of a gas move with the temp of that gas?

Yes

What is the eneergy in a gas molecule?

• It is kinetic energy which means its always moving

  • Which also means they travel at a high speed

What kind of temperature air does our lungs want?

Warmed gas/air

Warmed Gas (tempertaure increase) means what for a gas molecule?

• Kinetic energy up

• Molecular collision up

  • Pressure up

Cool Gas (temp decrease) means what for a gas molecule?

• KInetic energy down

• Molecular Collisions down

• Presure down

  • Everything slows down (freezing)

What is Avogadro’s Law?

Different gasses but same amount will equal the same amount

What is Molar volume under Avogadros Law?

1 MOLE= 1 MOLE unless temp or pressure is introduced that causes it to change

What is normal atmospheric pressure?

0 Degrees C, 760 mmHg

What is Gaseous Diffusion?

• They will naturally spread out

  • Movement of molecules from high to low concentration

What is the difference between higher concentration gases and lower?

• Low gases are fast and do what you want them to do

  • Higher gases are slow because they are heaver

How can we increase flow of diffusino within HEAVIER gases?

Heating and mechanical agitation speed diffusion

What is the lightest gas we know of ?

Helium

Does all gases exert pressure and what affects gas pressure?

• All gases exert pressure

  • Gravity affects has presure

How do we measure Atmospheric Pressure?

With mercury barometer

Whats another name fore mercury barometer?

Torr

What is the most common mechanical pressure gauge?

The Aneroid Barometer

What is Partial Pressure?

The pressure exerted by a SINGLE gas in a gas mixture

What is Daltons Law?

Relationship between the partial pressure (each seperate gas) and the total pressure in a gas mixture

Calcualtion of Partial Pressure?

Partial Pressure = fractional concentration x total pressure

What is Hyperbaric Pressure?

Pressures above atmospheric pressure

What is the common occurrences for using a HBO or hyperbaric pressure chamber?

• Divers

• Carbon monoxide poisoning

  • House Fires

What is Henrys Lae?

How much of a given gas will dissolve in a liquid (soda)

Solubility of Gases?

Each gas has a different solubility

What are the 3 basic assumptions underlying the gas laws (ideal gas ) ?

• No energy is lost during molecular collisions

• The volume of molecules are negligible

  • No forces of mutual atttraction exist between these molecules

What is Boyles Law and what is the constant?

• Constant is temp and mass

  • Chnage in pressure (up) and volume (down) inversely

    • EX. Squeezing a balloon

What is Charles Law and what is constant?

• Constant is pressure

• Change in temp (up) and volume (up) moves the same

  • Ex. placing balloon in freezer and volume of it decreases

What is Gay- Lussacs law and what is constant?

• Constant is Volume

• Change in pressure and temp

• EX. car tires

What is critical temp?

The highest temp at which a substance can exist as a liquid

What is the critical pressure?

Pressure needed to maintain equilibrium between the liquid and gas ohases

What is the criticial point?

Critical pressure and critical temp together

What is Hydrodynamics?

The study of fluids in motion

What is FLOW?

Is the bulk movement of a substance through space

Which law is associated with static liquid?

Pascals law

What does the pressure of a static liquid depend on?

Depends solely on the depth and density of the fluid

How does the pressure exerted by a liquid in motion depend on the nature of the flow?

Laminar and Turbulent

What is a static liquid?

Standing still

The pressure created by a liquid in motion is directly related to its depth and density?

False

What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

• Decrease in fluid pressure along the tube reflects a cumulative energy loss

  • Frictional forces oppose fluid flow so it will lose energy

Energy cant be created or destroyed

yes

What is flow resistance?

The difference pressure between two points divided by the actual flow

What does R, P1, P2 V stand for in flow resistance equation?

• R= Total flow resistance

• P2 = pressure upstream point

• P2= pressure downstream point

  • V= Flow

What pattern is Laminar Flow?

• Straight/ streamlined

  • Pressure will stay the same if tube stays the same size

What is turbulent flow?

Circles/ Chaotic ex. think of plane turbos

What is Transitional Flow?

• Laminar to Turbulent

  • Straight to circles

What is Poiseuilles Law?

Fluids flowing in a laminar pattern the driving pressure will increase whenever the fluid viscosity, tube length or flow increases

Poiseuilles law is mostly affected by the fluids viscosity?

True Predictor

What is Reynolds number?

Predictor of change of flow

What factors is Reynolds number dependent on?

• Fluid density

• Viscosity

• Linear velocity

  • Tube radius

What are the conditions of turbulent flow?

• Increased fluid velocity

• Increased fluid density

• Increased tube radius

  • Decreased fluid viscosity I

What flow is mainly in the respiratory tract?

It is transitional flow in nature

What is the Bernoulli Effect>

• Narrower tubes cause decrease in pressure

  • Fluid passing through a tube that meets constriction experiences significant pressure drop

What is fricitional resistance?

When two objects rub against each other to slow movement