history bs.

Upton Sinclair

An American writer and political activist best known for his novel "The Jungle" which exposed harsh conditions in the meatpacking industry.

Laissez-faire

An economic theory advocating minimal government intervention in the economy.

Muckrakers

Journalists and writers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries who exposed corruption and social injustices.

Ida Tarbell

A muckraking journalist known for her investigations into the Standard Oil Company.

Susan B. Anthony

A prominent American suffragist and social reformer in the women's suffrage movement.

Plessy v. Ferguson

A landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Up From Slavery

The autobiography of Booker T. Washington detailing his rise from slavery.

NAACP

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, a civil rights organization.

The Rough Riders

A volunteer cavalry regiment led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War.

Spanish-American War

A conflict in 1898 between the United States and Spain resulting in U.S. territorial acquisitions.

William McKinley

The 25th President of the United States who was assassinated in 1901.

The Trustbuster

A nickname for Theodore Roosevelt due to his efforts to break up monopolies.

John Muir

A naturalist and conservationist who helped establish national parks in the United States.

William Howard Taft

The 27th President of the United States who later became Chief Justice.

Bull Moose Party

The nickname for the Progressive Party formed by Theodore Roosevelt for the 1912 presidential election.

Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria whose assassination triggered World War I.

U-boat

German submarines used for naval warfare during World War I.

Lusitania

A British ocean liner sunk by a German U-boat in 1915.

Zimmermann Telegram

A secret communication proposing a military alliance between Germany and Mexico.

April 2, 1917

The date when President Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany.

Doughboys

A nickname for American soldiers in World War I.

George M. Cohan

An American entertainer and playwright known for his work in vaudeville and theater.

Fourteen Points

A set of principles proposed by Wilson as a basis for peace negotiations to end World War I.

The Big Four

The four leaders at the Paris Peace Conference: Wilson, Clemenceau, Lloyd George, and Orlando.

Georges Clemenceau

The Prime Minister of France during World War I.

David Lloyd George

The Prime Minister of the UK during World War I.

Woodrow Wilson

The 28th President of the United States who led during World War I.

League of Nations

An international organization founded in 1920 to promote world peace.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that ended World War I, signed in 1919.

John Steele Gordon

A financial journalist and historian known for writings on business history.

16th Amendment (1913)

Authorized the federal government to levy an income tax on individuals.

17th Amendment (1913)

Established direct election of U.S. Senators by popular vote.

18th Amendment (1919)

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol (Prohibition).

19th Amendment (1920)

Granted women the right to vote.

20th Amendment (1933)

Changed the dates for the start of presidential and congressional terms.

21st Amendment (1933)

Repealed the 18th Amendment and allowed states to regulate alcohol sales.

Triple Alliance

The alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

Triple Entente

The alliance of France, Russia, and England.

Three Progressive Presidents

Woodrow Wilson, William Howard Taft, Theodore Roosevelt.

Four Lessons

1. No White Man's Burden; 2. War is Hell; 3. Victory at Great Cost; 4. Very Easy for War to be Inevitable in a Technological Age.