Unit 3 AP Government & Politics

federalism

a way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government

dual federalism

staying together

article 6

1. constitution 2. laws of national government, as long as it agrees with Constitution 3. treaties

McCulloch v. Maryland

elastic clause

Marbury v. Madison

judicial review

Gibbons v. Ogden

commerce clause

United States v. Lopez

putting Congress in check

9th Amendment

powers reserved to the people, anything not listed in the U.S. Court

10th Amendment

power not delegated to the U.S. Constitution nor prohibited by it to the state

11th Amendment

immunities of states and people

delegated/expressed/enumerated powers

powers specifically granted to the federal government in Article 1, Section8

concurrent powers

powers are shared by both the federal government and state governments

reserved powers

powers that are not specifically granted to the federal government and state governments

full faith and credit

article 4, Constitution requiring each state to recognize

extradition

legal process whereby a state surrendered a person charged with a crime

privilege and immunities

Constitution according citizens of each state the privileges of other states

fiscal federalism

mandates, block grants, categorical grants

grants

money given to states and/or communities to support programs

mandates

Americans Disabilities Act 1990, states have to fund own projects

funded mandates

No Child Left Behind Act, schools can lose funding

block

a bunch of money and do whatever you want

categorical

a bunch of money for specified purposes

project grants

grants given for specific purposes

formula grants

distributed according to a formula

devolution

giving more power to the states

judicial interpretation

can profoundly affect how the Constitution is understood

implied powers

political powers granted to the United States government that aren't explicitly stated in the Constitution