Geography - population+ migration

Birth rate

The number of babies born per 1000 people in a country

Death rate

The number of deaths per 1000 people in a country

Natural change

Difference between birth rate and death rate

Why do gov need to know about birth rates

To plan for increased population ( housing, healthcare, employment )

Why do gov need to know about death rates

To see how heath system is or if there is disease

Population pyramid

Graph showing makeup of population ( age gender )

What type of population pyramid is this

Expanding

What type of population pyramid is this

Stationary

What type of population pyramid is this

Contracting

Life expectancy

How long a person is expected to live

How does food supply affect population

More nutrition = healthier population = longer healthier lives

How does technology affect population

Modern farming = increased food supply, better housing

How does healthcare affect population

Reduces death rate, vaccines stop disease, medical devices

How does war affect population

War deaths, lack of supplies, baby boom when soilders come home

How does the status of women affect population

Younger marriages = more time at home = more time to start family

How does education affect population

If females leave school early more kids younger

What is this graph called

Population cycle

What is stage 1

High fluctuating stage

What is stage 2

Early expanding stage

What is stage 3

Late expanding stage

What is stage 4

Low fluctuating stage

What is stage 5

Senile stage

Describe high fluctuating stage

High birth/death rate fluctuating. No population change

Explanation of stage 1

Famine/war cause high death rate which cancells high birth rate, caused by more kids to ensure some make it to adulthood

Countries in stage 1

None currently

Describe early expanding stage

Birth rate remains high, death rate falls quick, population increases quickly

Explain stage 2

Whatever was causing high death rate stops, improvement of economy/ facilities birth rate remains high causing big population

Describe late expanding stage

Birth rate decreases quickly, death rate decreases slower, population grows slowly

countries in stage 3

Afghanistan, Tanzania

Explain stage 3

More babies grow so less need for many kids. Fewer improvements of facilities so death rate slower

Describe low fluctuating stage

Birth/ death rates low but fluctuating population is level

Explain stage 4

Facilities developed, long life expectancy, babies expensive so less born

Countries in stage 4

Ireland

Describe senile stage

Birth rate decreases below death rate, population decreases

Explain stage 5

People decide to have less kids, natural decrease

Countries in stage 5

Germany, Italy

What is population density

How many people live in an area

How do you find the population density of an area

Average people per km2

What are the 5 factors affecting population density

Relief, climate, history, resources, economic development

How does relief affect population density

The higher up land is the harder it is to access and build on

How does climate affect population density

People want a climate not too hot/cold, farming

How does resources affect population density

Ores, wood, fertile soil draw people to an area

How does economic development affect population density

People abandon rural areas for work

Migration

The movement of people from once place to another

Immigrant

A person who moves INto an area

emigrant

A person who moves out of a country

Economic migrant

A person who migrates for work opportunities

Asylum seeker

Immigrant who asks for permission to stay in a country to avoid persecution

Refugee

An immigrant who is granted permission to stay in another country Becuase their home is unsafe

Barrier to migration

Something stopping a person from migrating

What are 5 barriers to migration

Cultural, physical, financial, political, personal

Individual migration

One person/ family decide to move

Mass migration

Movement of large group of people

Pull factors

A factor making a person want to move into an area

Push factors

A factor making a person want to move away from an area

1 example of organised mass migration

Ulster plantations

When did the ulster plantations occur

1609

What happened in the ulster plantations

King James I took Land away from Irish and gave it to English settlers

Where do migrants move from

A source region

Where do migrants go

A destination region

Economic impacts in source

Less people less services needed less money going into local economy

Economic impacts in destination

Migrants cheap labour bring skills increased people increased economy

Social impacts on destination

Migrants bring culture, migrants may be discriminated